作者：
Zhang, Jiajia;wei, Jia;Massey, Isaac Yaw;Peng, Tangjian;Yang, Fei
期刊：
TOXINS,2022年14(8):573- ISSN：2072-6651
通讯作者：
Tangjian Peng<&wdkj&>Fei Yang
作者机构：
[Zhang, Jiajia; Massey, Isaac Yaw; wei, Jia; Yang, Fei] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Sch Publ Hlth, Hunan Prov Key Lab Clin Epidemiol, Changsha 410078, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Tangjian; Yang, Fei] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, Sch Publ Hlth, Hunan Prov Key Lab Typical Environm Pollut & Hlth, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Fei] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, Sch Basic Med Sci, Dept Educ,Key Lab Ecol Environm & Crit Human Dis, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tangjian Peng; Fei Yang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
摘要：
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) frequently occur in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Microcystins (MCs) are considered to be the most prominent and toxic metabolites during HCBs. MCs may be harmful to human and animal health through drinking water and recreational water. Biodegradation is eco-friendly, cost-effective and one of the most effective methods to remove MCs. Many novel MC-degrading bacteria and their potential for MCs degradation have been documented. However, it is a challenge to apply the free MC-degrading bacterial cells in natural environments due to the long-term operational instability and difficult recycling. Immobilization is the process of restricting the mobility of bacteria using carriers, which has several advantages as biocatalysts compared to free bacterial cells. Biological water treatment systems with microbial immobilization technology can potentially be utilized to treat MC-polluted wastewater. In this review article, various types of supporting materials and methods for microbial immobilization and the application of bacterial immobilization technology for the treatment of MCs-contaminated water are discussed. This article may further broaden the application of microbial immobilization technology to the bioremediation of MC-polluted environments.
作者机构：
[Tang, Peng; Deng, Shuxiang; Liu, Ying; Feng, Shuidong; Yang, Fei; Tang, Yan] Univ South China, Sch Basic Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Hengyang Med Sch,Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat,Key L, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Shuaishuai; Duan, Yanying; Shen, Minxue; Wei, Jia; Yang, Fei; Yang, Yue] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social Med & Hlth Management, Hunan Prov Key Lab Clin Epidemiol, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Yao] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp 3, Ctr Clin Pharmacol, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Pu, Yuepu; Liang, Geyu; Yang, Fei] Southeast Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Key Lab Environm Med Engn, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210000, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Xiang; Shen, Minxue] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Minxue Shen] H;[Fei Yang] D;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410000, China<&wdkj&>Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha410000, China<&wdkj&>Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410000, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing210000, China
作者机构：
[Min, Junxia; Wang, Fudi; Chen, Liyun] Zhejiang Univ, Affiliated Hosp 4, Affiliated Hosp 1,Sch Med, Inst Translat Med,Sch Publ Hlth,State Key Lab Exp, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Fudi; Chen, Liyun] Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Sch Publ Hlth, Hengyang Med Sch,Basic Med Sci, Hengyang, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Min, Junxia; Wang, Fudi] T;The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China<&wdkj&>The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China<&wdkj&>The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
摘要：
As an essential micronutrient, copper is required for a wide range of physiological processes in virtually all cell types. Because the accumulation of intracellular copper can induce oxidative stress and perturbing cellular function, copper homeostasis is tightly regulated. Recent studies identified a novel copper-dependent form of cell death called cuproptosis, which is distinct from all other known pathways underlying cell death. Cuproptosis occurs via copper binding to lipoylated enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which leads to subsequent protein aggregation, proteotoxic stress, and ultimately cell death. Here, we summarize our current knowledge regarding copper metabolism, copper-related disease, the characteristics of cuproptosis, and the mechanisms that regulate cuproptosis. In addition, we discuss the implications of cuproptosis in the pathogenesis of various disease conditions, including Wilson's disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, and we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting cuproptosis.
摘要：
Since the possible roles of surface modifications in determining multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-promoted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated lipid-laden macrophage foam cell formation are still in debate, we compared unmodified and carboxylated MWCNT-induced cytotoxicity, lipid profile changes, and expression of ER stress genes in THP-1 macrophages. Particularly, we focused on lipid profile changes by using lipidomics approaches. We found that unmodified and carboxylated MWCNTs significantly decreased cellular viability and appeared to damage the cellular membrane to a similar extent. Likewise, the results from Oil Red O staining showed that both types of MWCNTs slightly but significantly induced lipid accumulation. In keeping with Oil Red O staining results, lipidomics data showed that both types of MWCNTs up-regulated most of the lipid classes. Interestingly, almost all lipid classes were relatively higher in carboxylated MWCNT-exposed THP-1 macrophages compared with unmodified MWCNT-exposed cells, indicating that carboxylated MWCNTs more effectively changed lipid profiles. But in contrast to our expectation, none of the MWCNTs significantly induced the expression of ER stress genes. Even, compared with carboxylated MWCNTs, unmodified MWCNTs induced higher expression of lipid genes, including macrophage scavenger receptor 1 and fatty acid synthase. Combined, our results suggested that even though carboxylation did not significantly affect MWCNT-induced lipid accumulation, carboxylated MWCNTs were more potent to alter lipid profiles in THP-1 macrophages, indicating the need to use omics techniques to understand the exact nanotoxicological effects of MWCNTs. However, the differential effects of unmodified and carboxylated MWCNTs on lipid profiles might not be related with the induction of ER stress.
作者机构：
[Meng, Hongen; Wang, Rong; Song, Zijun; Wang, Fudi] Zhejiang Univ, Affiliated Hosp 4, Affiliated Hosp 1, Inst Translat Med,Sch Med,SchPubl Hlth,Canc Ctr,St, Hangzhou 310030, Peoples R China.;[Meng, Hongen] Zhejiang Univ, Liangzhu Lab, Med Ctr, 1369 West Wenyi Rd, Hangzhou 311121, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Fudi] Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Sch Publ Hlth, Hengyang Med Sch,Basic Med Sci, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fudi Wang] T;The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China<&wdkj&>The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
circulating lipid;apolipoprotein;triglyceride;Mendelian randomization;epithelial ovarian cancer
摘要：
Ovarian cancer (OC), and particularly epithelial OC (EOC), is an increasing challenge for women. Circulating lipids play different roles in the occurrence and development of OC, but no causal relationship has been confirmed. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the genetic effects of circulating Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), Apolipoprotein B (APOB), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyc-erides (TG) on EOC risks based on summary data obtained from the UK Biobank and the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. We used the inverse-variance weight as the main statistical method and the MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO for sensitivity analysis. A 1-SD increment in HDL gave odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of OR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69–0.93), OR = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.66–0.90), and OR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63–0.90) for low malignant potential OC (LMPOC), low-grade low malignant OC (LGLMSOC), and low malignant serous OC (LMSOC), respectively. Genetic liability due to TG was associated with an increased risk of LGLMSOC and LGSOC and a suggestive association with an increased risk of LMSOC (p = 0.001, p = 0.007, and p = 0.027, respectively). Circulating HDL was negatively associated with the risk of LMPOC, LGLMSOC, and LMSOC, while elevated circulating TG levels genetically predicted an increased risk of LGLMSOC and LGSOC. Further research is needed to investigate the causal effects of lipids on EOC and potential intervention and therapeutic targets.
摘要：
Linker histone H1.2, which belongs to the linker histone family H1, plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the stable higher-order structures of chromatin and nucleosomes. As a critical part of chromatin structure, H1.2 has an important function in regulating chromatin dynamics and participates in multiple other cellular processes as well. Recent work has also shown that linker histone H1.2 regulates the transcription levels of certain target genes and affects different processes as well, such as cancer cell growth and migration, DNA duplication and DNA repair. The present work briefly summarizes the current knowledge of linker histone H1.2 modifications. Further, we also discuss the roles of linker histone H1.2 in the maintenance of genome stability, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and its association with disease.
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2022年802:149801 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Ki, Jang-Seu
作者机构：
[Wang, Hui; Ki, Jang-Seu; Park, Hyunjun; Kim, Hansol] Sangmyung Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul 03016, South Korea.;[Wang, Hui] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, Sch Publ Hlth, Hunan Key Lab Typ Environm Pollut & Hlth Hazards, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ki, Jang-Seu] S;Sangmyung Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul 03016, South Korea.
摘要：
Temperature may affect the production of saxitoxin (STX) and its derivatives (STXs); however, this is still contro-versial. Further, STX-biosynthesis gene regulation and the relation of its toxicity with temperature are not clearly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of different temperatures (12 degrees C, 16 degrees C, and 20 degrees C) on the growth, toxin profiles, and expression of two core STX-biosynthesis genes, sxtA and sxtG, in the toxic dinofla-gellate Alexandrium pacificum Alex05, isolated from Korean coasts. We found that temperature significantly af-fected cell growth, with maximum growth recorded at 16 degrees C, followed by 20 degrees C and 12 degrees C. HPLC analysis revealed mostly 12 of STXs from the tested cultures. Interestingly, the contents of STXs increased in the cells cul-tured at 16 degrees C and exposed to cold stress, compared to the 20 degrees C culture and heat stress; however, toxin compo-nents were much more diverse under heat stress. These toxin profiles generally matched with the sxtA and sxtG expression levels. Incubation at lower temperatures (12 degrees C and 16 degrees C) and exposure to cold stress increased sxtA and sxtG expressions in the cells, whereas heat stress showed little change or downregulated the transcription of both genes. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed low correlation between STXs eq and expressional levels of sxtA and sxtG in heat-stressed cells. These results suggest that temperature might be a crucial factor affecting the level and biosynthesis of STXs in marine toxic dinoflagellates. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Ding, Shichao; Zhou, Yang; Du, Dan; Lin, Yuehe; Niu, Xiangheng; Zhu, Wenlei; Lyu, Zhaoyuan; Li, Xin] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.;[Niu, Xiangheng; Li, Xin] Jiangsu Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Inst Green Chem & Chem Technol, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Tieu, Peter] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.;[Feng, Zhenxing; Wang, Maoyu] Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.;[Pan, Xiaoqing] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine Mat Res Inst IMRI, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
通讯机构：
[Xiangheng Niu; Wenlei Zhu; Yuehe Lin] S;School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA<&wdkj&>Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China<&wdkj&>School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China<&wdkj&>School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA
通讯机构：
[Le Li] C;College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Hengyang Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Uranium Contamination and its Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People’s Republic of China
关键词：
Uranyl ion;DNAzyme;Amplification;Sensor
摘要：
An ultra-sensitive method for detection of UO22+ was developed based on MoS2 nanosheet and the principle of entropy-driven amplification. UO22+-specific DNAzyme was cleaved to release DNA fragments. The cyclic amplification reaction was initiated by the DNA fragment, and DNA with the fluorophore in the DNA complex is released. MoS2 has a high affinity for ssDNA, but a low affinity for dsDNA. The ssDNA with fluorophore binds to MoS2 based on this characteristic, and the fluorescence intensity is greatly reduced. The degree of fluorescence intensity change has a linear relationship with UO22+ in the range of 10-100 pM, and the detection limit is 3.6 pM. This method has been successfully applied to the detection of UO22+ in water samples and has shown certain potential in the prevention and control of environmental pollution.
作者机构：
[Zhou, Qiang; Yan, Renhong] Westlake Univ, Sch Life Sci, Westlake Inst Adv Study,Inst Biol, Westlake Lab Life Sci & Biomed,Key Lab Struct Bio, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.;[Min, Junxia; Xie, Enjun; Wang, Fudi; Min, JX; Li, Jin] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, State Key Lab Expt Hematol,Affiliated Hosp 1, Inst Translat Med,Canc Ctr,Sch Publ Hlth,Affiliat, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Enjun; Wang, Fudi; Li, Jin] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, Sch Publ Hlth, Affiliated Hosp 2,Affiliated Hosp 1,Basic Med Sci, Hengyang, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yaning] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Life Sci, Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Struct Biol, Tsinghua Peking Joint Ctr Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Xueping; Hou, Tingjun] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Hangzhou Inst Innovat Med, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, FD ; Min, JX] Z;[Zhou, Q ] W;Westlake Univ, Sch Life Sci, Westlake Inst Adv Study,Inst Biol, Westlake Lab Life Sci & Biomed,Key Lab Struct Bio, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.;Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, State Key Lab Expt Hematol,Affiliated Hosp 1, Inst Translat Med,Canc Ctr,Sch Publ Hlth,Affiliat, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, Sch Publ Hlth, Affiliated Hosp 2,Affiliated Hosp 1,Basic Med Sci, Hengyang, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Dear Editor,
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent,non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death characterized by an accumulation of lipid-derived reactive oxygen species(ROS).The small-molecule compound erastin induces ferroptosis via inhibiting the cystine-glutamate antiporter system xc-,which consists of two subunits,namely the light chain xCT and the heavy chain 4F2hc(encoded by the SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 genes,respectively).1-4 Recent studies have shown that xCT(SLC7A11)regulates ferroptosis in liver fibrosis,cardiomyopathy,and numerous other pathophysiological processes.5-8 The complex formed by xCT and 4F2hc has also been suggested as a possible therapeutic target for cancer,as it is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer types;moreover,inhibiting xCT impairs cystine uptake,causing an accumulation of ROS and suppressing tumor growth.9,10 However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.Here,we overexpressed and then co-purified human xCT and 4F2hc,finding that they form a stable complex(Fig.1a).To test whether this purified complex is functional,we then reconstituted the complex into liposomes and performed a counter-flow assay.We found that the wild-type(WT)xCT-4F2hc complex mediates the exchange of cystine and glutamate—measured as the uptake of 14C-labeled cystine—and this activity was significantly reduced by the system xc-inhibitors,erastin and sulfasalazine(Supplementary information,Fig.S1).
期刊：
Frontiers in Public Health,2022年10:865571 ISSN：2296-2565
通讯作者：
Liu, J.-A.
作者机构：
[Xiong, Yifan; Liu, Jun-an] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social Med & Hlth Management, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Ying] Univ South China, Sch Publ Hlth, Hengyang Med Sch, Dept Social Med, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Tianyu] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Sch Basic Med, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Qi] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, J.-A.] D;Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
作者机构：
[Pu, Chunmin; Chen, Lili; Liao, Xiaoyan] Univ South China, Coll Publ Hlth, Hengyang Med Sch, Dept Publ Hlth Lab Sci, Hengyang, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Pu, Chunmin; Bai, Yalong; Liao, Xiaoyan] Shanghai Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agrifood Stand & Testing Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China.;[Shi, Xianming; Cui, Yan] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, MOST USDA Joint Res Ctr Food Safety, Shanghai, Peoples R China.;[Shi, Xianming; Cui, Yan] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Bor Luh Food Safety Ctr, Sch Agr & Biol, Dept Food Sci & Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.;[Bai, Yalong] Shanghai Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agrifood Stand & Testing Technol, 1000 Jinqi Rd, Shanghai 201403, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Bai, Y.] I;[Chen, L.] D;Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, 28 Changsheng West Road, China;Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, 1000 Jinqi Road, China
通讯机构：
[Zhaoyang Wu] S;State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
作者机构：
[Yang, Shengyuan; Tong, Xuezhi] Univ South China, Sch Publ Hlth, Hengyang Med Sch, Dept Publ Hlth Lab Sci, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Dong; Feng, JiaLi; Fan, Xiang; Zhang, Hao; Chen, Dongyang] Hunan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Changsha 410005, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Tan, Shan] Changsha Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Gen Med, Changsha 410219, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Shengyuan Yang] D;[Dongyang Chen] H;Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China<&wdkj&>Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
通讯机构：
[Dingxin Long; Yi Cao] H;Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
摘要：
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the main cells constructing blood vessels, are important in the regulation of the pathophysiology of vascular systems; however, relatively few studies have investigated the influence of nanomaterials (NMs) on VSMCs. In this study, we found that the interaction between graphene oxide and human VSMCs led to the cytotoxicity and morphological changes of cells. Because transcriptomic data suggested that graphene oxide decreased anti-viral signaling pathways via decreasing Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), we further verified that graphene oxide decreased interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1) and the radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2), and TLR3-downstream genes involved in anti-viral responses. Due to the involvement of RSAD2 in lipid dysfunction, we also verified that graphene oxide disrupted lipid homeostasis and increased adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Adding TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) partially increased TLR3-downstream protein interleukin-8 (IL-8) and some lipid classes, particularly lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), in graphene oxide-exposed VSMCs. In mice receiving repeated intravenous injection of graphene oxide, significantly decreased TLR3, IFIT1 and RSAD2 but increased ATGL proteins were observed in aortas. We conclude that graphene oxide altered anti-viral signaling pathways and lipid metabolism via decreasing TLR3 in VSMCs.
