作者机构：
[Xie, Zhizhong; Zou, Wei; Wang, Jiaying] Univ South China, Hunan Prov Maternal & Child Hlth Care Hosp, Sch Pharm, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Gao, Yinhuang; Liu, Menghua; Miao, Zhishuo] Southern Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Key Lab Drug Metab Res & Evaluat State Drug Adm, Guangdong Prov Key Lab New Drug Screening, Guangzhou 510515, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, MH ] S;[Zou, W ] U;Univ South China, Hunan Prov Maternal & Child Hlth Care Hosp, Sch Pharm, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Southern Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Key Lab Drug Metab Res & Evaluat State Drug Adm, Guangdong Prov Key Lab New Drug Screening, Guangzhou 510515, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains, widely distributed in human cells. It plays a crucial role in inflammation-related diseases. Known for its "double-edged sword" nature, FPR2 can bind a variety of exogenous and endogenous ligands, mediating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in tissues such as eyes, liver, joints, lungs, nerves, and blood vessels. FPR2's bioactivities are regulated by a complex network of genes and signaling pathways. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms governing its functions in different inflammatory conditions are still not well understood. This review summarizes the FPR2's activities in various inflammation-related diseases and looks into its potential as a therapeutic target. This review highlights recent advances in developing exogenous agonists for FPR2 and discusses receptor expression across species to support nonclinical research. Overall, this review aims to clarify FPR2's role in inflammation and provide insights for the development of new drugs against inflammatory diseases.
摘要：
Background: The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is a recently developed composite indicator of atherogenic lipids. Nevertheless, few studies concern the relationship between NHHR and early-onset post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods: After two weeks of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), early-onset PSD was identified. The Hamilton Depression Scale-17 items (HAMD-17) was used to assess the severity of depression. Patients with HAMD-17 scores ≥7 were divided into an early-onset PSD group. Spearman rank correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the associations between NHHR and HAMD scores across all patients. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between the NHHR and early-onset PSD. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our findings. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the predictive value of the NHHR for early-onset PSD. Results: Among the 846 patients who were enrolled prospectively, a total of 283 (33.45%) patients were diagnosed with early-onset PSD. The NHHR showed a positive correlation with the HAMD-17 scores (r=0.498, P<0.001). A binary logistic regression model demonstrated that the NHHR (odds ratio [OR], 1.796; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.452-1.996, P<0.001) was an independent factor for early-onset PSD. The NHHR for early-onset PSD had an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.798. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the NHHR may be an independent risk factor for early-onset PSD, providing valuable insights for prevention and prognostic management in affected patients.
作者机构：
[Gao, Yuan; Tang, Shengsong; Zhao, Xuhong; Zhang, Mengxia; Liao, Shuxian; Li, Shengfen; Ning, Qian; Huang, Ruilei] Hunan Univ Med, Biomed Res Inst, Hunan Prov Key Lab Antibody Based Drug & Intellige, Huaihua, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Shengsong; Liao, Shuxian; Li, Shengfen; Ning, Qian] Univ South China, Inst Pharm & Pharmacol, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Shengsong; Zhang, Mengxia] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Dept Histol & Embryol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Gao, Yuan; Tang, Shengsong] Ningxia Med Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Yinchuan, Peoples R China.;[Ning, Qian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tang, SS ; Ning, Q ; Ning, Q] H;Hunan Univ Med, Biomed Res Inst, Hunan Prov Key Lab Antibody Based Drug & Intellige, Huaihua, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Inst Pharm & Pharmacol, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Dept Histol & Embryol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Med Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Yinchuan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
C11orf53;glycolysis;metabolism;NCI-H526;small cell lung cancer
摘要：
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the most malignant subtype of lung cancer, is a major cause of death among lung cancer patients. Drug resistance, high recurrence, and limitations of surgery are all obstacles to SCLC treatment. Consequently, clarifying the underlying mechanism of SCLC progression and identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention are of paramount significance for improving the clinical outcomes of SCLC patients. C11orf53 has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the NCI-H526 cell activity. However, few studies have focused on how C11orf53 affects the activity of NCI-H526 cells and the corresponding regulatory pathways. Herein, our study shows that C11orf53 affects the viability and proliferation of SCLC NCI-H526 cells by influencing the glycolytic pathway. We established the C11orf53 overexpression and knockdown systems in the NCI-H526 cell line with C11orf53-specific small-interfering RNA and lentivirus to assess the effects of C11orf53 on the activity and proliferation of NCI-H526 cells. Furthermore, the NCI-H526 cells with C11orf53 knockdown and overexpression were utilized to elucidate the molecular mechanism of C11orf53. Our study shows that C11orf53 knockdown significantly reduced the viability and proliferation of NCI-H526 cells. Additionally, adenosine triphosphate levels, glucose consumption, lactate secretion, and the expression of key enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway were markedly decreased in NCI-H526 cells. These findings confirmed that the effect of C11orf53 on the activity and proliferation of NCI-H526 cells is mediated by its role in regulating cellular glycolysis.
摘要：
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a toxin that causes hepatic steatosis. Our previous study found that exposure to 60 μg/L MC-LR for 9 months resulted in liver lipid accumulation, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, for the first time, fatty acid-targeted metabolome and RNA-seq were combined to probe the effect and mechanism of chronic (12-month) MC-LR treatment on mice lipid metabolism at environmental-related levels (1, 60, and 120 μg/L). It was found that MC-LR dose-dependently raised serum and liver lipid levels. The total cholesterol (TC) levels in the liver were significantly increased following treatment with 1 μg/L MC-LR (equivalent to 0.004 μ/L in human). Treatment with 60 and 120 μg/L MC-LR significantly elevated TC and triglyceride (TG) levels in both serum and liver. Serum fatty acid-targeted metabolome analysis demonstrated that exposure to 1, 60, and 120 μg/L MC-LR caused significant alterations in the fatty acid profile. Chronic 1, 60, and 120 μg/L MC-LR treatment significantly increased serum polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including conjugated linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, which positively correlated with serum or liver TG levels. Chronic exposure to 120 μg/L MC-LR led to a significant decrease in the accumulation of saturated fatty acids, including citramalic acid, pentadecanoic acid, and docosanoic acid, which were negatively correlated with serum or liver lipid levels. These findings suggested that 1 μg/L MC-LR exposure caused mild lipid metabolism disruption, while 60 and 120 μg/L MC-LR treatment resulted in pronounced hepatic steatosis in mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed that chronic environmental MC-LR treatment regulated the expression of genes involved in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex and fatty acid metabolism. Western blotting and RT-qPCR confirmed that chronic environmental MC-LR exposure activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, the downstream of fads3 gene that participates in fatty acid desaturation was upregulated, fatty acid degradation-related genes, including acsl1, acsl4, and ehhadh were inhibited, and lipid transport-related genes, including slc27a4 and apol7a, were promoted. Thus, chronic environmental MC-LR exposure boosts hepatic steatosis. Our work indicated that the limit concentration of 1 μg/L MC-LR in human drinking water for safety needs to be discussed. The study provides the first evidence of the fatty acid profile and gene changes and gains new insights into the mechanisms of chronic environmental MC-LR treatment-induced hepatic steatosis.
期刊：
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2025年480(4):2143-2157 ISSN：0300-8177
通讯作者：
Wang, J
作者机构：
[Jiang, Tingting] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, Affiliated Nanhua Hosp, Dept Clin Lab, Hengyang 421000, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Qun] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Hengyang 421000, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jing] Changsha Med Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Tradit Chinese Med Agr Biogenom, Changsha 410219, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jing] Changsha Med Univ, Hunan Prov Univ Key Lab Fundamental & Clin Res Fun, Changsha 410219, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jing] Changsha Med Univ, Clin Coll 1, Changsha 410219, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, J ] C;Changsha Med Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Tradit Chinese Med Agr Biogenom, Changsha 410219, Peoples R China.;Changsha Med Univ, Hunan Prov Univ Key Lab Fundamental & Clin Res Fun, Changsha 410219, Peoples R China.;Changsha Med Univ, Clin Coll 1, Changsha 410219, Peoples R China.
摘要：
FHL2 (Four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2) is a crucial factor involved in cardiac morphogenesis, the process by which the heart develops its complex structure. It is expressed in various tissues during embryonic development, including the developing heart, and has been shown to play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. FHL2 interacts with multiple proteins to regulate cardiac development as a coactivator or a corepressor. It is involved in cardiac specification and determination of cell fate, cardiomyocyte growth, cardiac remodeling, myofibrillogenesis, and the regulation of HERG channels. Targeting FHL2 has therapeutic implications as it could improve cardiac function, control arrhythmias, alleviate heart failure, and maintain cardiac integrity in various pathological conditions. The identification of FHL2 as a signature gene in atrial fibrillation suggests its potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for this common arrhythmia.
摘要：
The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) type efflux pumps of Acinetobacter baumannii play important roles in antibiotic resistance. However, the molecular mechanism of these transporters remains poorly understood. To address the molecular basis of substrate polyspecificity mediated by multidrug MFS transporters, we compared the substrate binding modes of A. baumannii CraA with its well-studied homolog, Escherichia coli MdfA. MdfA and CraA share similar structural features, including a cavity accessible to drugs from the cytoplasm when these transporters adopt the inside-out conformation. This predominantly hydrophobic cavity contains several distinct titratable and hydrophilic residues. Through substitution analysis, we demonstrate that these polar residues within the CraA drug binding cavity contribute to the transport of all tested drugs, whereas mutations of hydrophobic residues result in altered drug recognition profiles. In addition to the known titratable residues E38 and D46, we identified E338 as the only titratable residue that plays a substrate-specific role, as it is required for efficient transport of norfloxacin, but not ethidium. Substitution of E338 with asparagine or glutamine changes substrate specificity, enabling specific recognition of phenicols and mitomycin C. Furthermore, we show that the aromaticity of Y42 is crucial for phenicol recognition, while general hydrophobicity at this position is critical for mitomycin C specificity. We propose that E338 and Y42 function as key substrate selectivity determinants in CraA. IMPORTANCE Multidrug efflux transporters of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) are key contributors to antibiotic resistance, mediating the export of structurally diverse compounds across bacterial membranes. While homologous transporters such as Escherichia coli MdfA and Acinetobacter baumannii CraA share high structural similarity and overlapping substrate profiles, the molecular basis of their substrate specificity remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that structural homology among MFS transporters does not inherently imply mechanistic conservation, as species-specific variations can give rise to distinct substrate recognition profiles. Our findings reveal that CraA utilizes unique residues Y42 and E338 for substrate selectivity, while R124 and Y73 contribute to its transport activity. These findings enhance our understanding of efflux pump specificity and underscore the need to consider organism-specific features when targeting multidrug transporters in antimicrobial therapy.
The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) type efflux pumps of Acinetobacter baumannii play important roles in antibiotic resistance. However, the molecular mechanism of these transporters remains poorly understood. To address the molecular basis of substrate polyspecificity mediated by multidrug MFS transporters, we compared the substrate binding modes of A. baumannii CraA with its well-studied homolog, Escherichia coli MdfA. MdfA and CraA share similar structural features, including a cavity accessible to drugs from the cytoplasm when these transporters adopt the inside-out conformation. This predominantly hydrophobic cavity contains several distinct titratable and hydrophilic residues. Through substitution analysis, we demonstrate that these polar residues within the CraA drug binding cavity contribute to the transport of all tested drugs, whereas mutations of hydrophobic residues result in altered drug recognition profiles. In addition to the known titratable residues E38 and D46, we identified E338 as the only titratable residue that plays a substrate-specific role, as it is required for efficient transport of norfloxacin, but not ethidium. Substitution of E338 with asparagine or glutamine changes substrate specificity, enabling specific recognition of phenicols and mitomycin C. Furthermore, we show that the aromaticity of Y42 is crucial for phenicol recognition, while general hydrophobicity at this position is critical for mitomycin C specificity. We propose that E338 and Y42 function as key substrate selectivity determinants in CraA.
IMPORTANCE
Multidrug efflux transporters of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) are key contributors to antibiotic resistance, mediating the export of structurally diverse compounds across bacterial membranes. While homologous transporters such as Escherichia coli MdfA and Acinetobacter baumannii CraA share high structural similarity and overlapping substrate profiles, the molecular basis of their substrate specificity remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that structural homology among MFS transporters does not inherently imply mechanistic conservation, as species-specific variations can give rise to distinct substrate recognition profiles. Our findings reveal that CraA utilizes unique residues Y42 and E338 for substrate selectivity, while R124 and Y73 contribute to its transport activity. These findings enhance our understanding of efflux pump specificity and underscore the need to consider organism-specific features when targeting multidrug transporters in antimicrobial therapy.
Multidrug efflux transporters of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) are key contributors to antibiotic resistance, mediating the export of structurally diverse compounds across bacterial membranes. While homologous transporters such as Escherichia coli MdfA and Acinetobacter baumannii CraA share high structural similarity and overlapping substrate profiles, the molecular basis of their substrate specificity remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that structural homology among MFS transporters does not inherently imply mechanistic conservation, as species-specific variations can give rise to distinct substrate recognition profiles. Our findings reveal that CraA utilizes unique residues Y42 and E338 for substrate selectivity, while R124 and Y73 contribute to its transport activity. These findings enhance our understanding of efflux pump specificity and underscore the need to consider organism-specific features when targeting multidrug transporters in antimicrobial therapy.
Multidrug efflux transporters of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) are key contributors to antibiotic resistance, mediating the export of structurally diverse compounds across bacterial membranes. While homologous transporters such as Escherichia coli MdfA and Acinetobacter baumannii CraA share high structural similarity and overlapping substrate profiles, the molecular basis of their substrate specificity remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that structural homology among MFS transporters does not inherently imply mechanistic conservation, as species-specific variations can give rise to distinct substrate recognition profiles. Our findings reveal that CraA utilizes unique residues Y42 and E338 for substrate selectivity, while R124 and Y73 contribute to its transport activity. These findings enhance our understanding of efflux pump specificity and underscore the need to consider organism-specific features when targeting multidrug transporters in antimicrobial therapy.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY,2025年90(4):1656-1662 ISSN：0022-3263
通讯作者：
Lei, Zhengwen;Wang, Zhen;Zeng, YF;Wang, Z
作者机构：
[Shen, Lixian] Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 2, Hengyang Med Sch, Dept Pharm,Hunan Prov Key Lab Basic & Clin Pharmac, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Shen, Lixian; Liu, Jie; Wang, Zhen; Peng, Xue; Lei, Zhengwen; Zeng, Yao-Fu; Lei, ZW] Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Hengyang Med Sch, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zhen] Univ South China, MOE Key Lab Rare Pediat Dis, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zhen] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Plateau Biol, Qinghai Prov Key Lab Tibetan Med Res, Xining 810008, Qinghai, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Z; Zeng, YF ; Wang, Z ; Lei, ZW] U;Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Hengyang Med Sch, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, MOE Key Lab Rare Pediat Dis, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Plateau Biol, Qinghai Prov Key Lab Tibetan Med Res, Xining 810008, Qinghai, Peoples R China.
摘要：
We report a photoredox-catalyzed three-component sulfonaminoalkynylation of alkenes with N -aminopyridine salts and potassium alkynyltrifluoroborate salts. This aminoalkylation reaction underwent a radial/polar crossover mechanism, which was distinguished from the previous reports. A variety of β-alkynylated sulfonamides were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The versatility of this method was further evidenced by its successful application in modifying biological molecules in advanced stages of development.
We report a photoredox-catalyzed three-component sulfonaminoalkynylation of alkenes with N -aminopyridine salts and potassium alkynyltrifluoroborate salts. This aminoalkylation reaction underwent a radial/polar crossover mechanism, which was distinguished from the previous reports. A variety of β-alkynylated sulfonamides were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The versatility of this method was further evidenced by its successful application in modifying biological molecules in advanced stages of development.
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摘要：
Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive vascular disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling , with high mortality and poor prognosis despite advances in medical therapy. Recently, histone modification therapies for pulmonary hypertension have received more attention. Studies have shown that abnormal histone modifications and the enzymes responsible for these alterations can drive pulmonary vascular cell proliferation , migration, and anti-apoptosis by regulating chromatin structure and gene expression, thereby promoting pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. This review illustrates histone modifications, including methylation , acetylation , lactylation, and SUMOylation , and the enzymes responsible for these modifications, exploring their role and pathophysiological mechanism in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, the review summarizes the small molecule modulators currently under development and their efficacy in various preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension. Comprehending the function of histone modifications in pulmonary hypertension will help identify new biomarkers and molecular targets and facilitate personalized treatments for this severe disease.
Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive vascular disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling , with high mortality and poor prognosis despite advances in medical therapy. Recently, histone modification therapies for pulmonary hypertension have received more attention. Studies have shown that abnormal histone modifications and the enzymes responsible for these alterations can drive pulmonary vascular cell proliferation , migration, and anti-apoptosis by regulating chromatin structure and gene expression, thereby promoting pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. This review illustrates histone modifications, including methylation , acetylation , lactylation, and SUMOylation , and the enzymes responsible for these modifications, exploring their role and pathophysiological mechanism in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, the review summarizes the small molecule modulators currently under development and their efficacy in various preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension. Comprehending the function of histone modifications in pulmonary hypertension will help identify new biomarkers and molecular targets and facilitate personalized treatments for this severe disease.
通讯机构：
[Tan, XF; Yang, QL ; Chen, GD; Wu, GL] U;Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Hengyang Med Sch, Dept Hepatopancreatobiliary Surg, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Inst Pharm & Pharmacol, Hengyang Med Sch, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, NHC Key Lab Birth Defect Res & Prevent, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, MOE Key Lab Rare Pediat Dis, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The advancement of mitochondria-targeted near-infrared-II (NIR-II) excitable phototheranostics constitutes a promising strategy for improving fluorescence-image-guided cancer phototherapy. However, developing phototheranostic agents that simultaneously combine high-contrast NIR-II fluorescence imaging with effective multimodal therapeutic techniques remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we reported a shielding-donor–acceptor–donor-shielding structured NIR-II phototheranostic (FCD-T) by a molecular engineering strategy, followed by self-assembly with glutathione-responsive copolymer to form FCD-T nanoparticles. The introduction of functional bithiophene endows FCD-T with significant electron-donating properties and reduces intermolecular π-π stacking interactions. The robust π-conjugation of fluorene with good rigidity would enhance the intramolecular charge transfer capability. Therefore, FCD-T NPs exhibited an NIR-II absorption peak at 1075 nm and an emission peak at 1280 nm. Upon NIR-II light excitation, such nanoparticles could generate excellent photothermal and photodynamic performances with good biocompatibility. Moreover, the NIR-II mitochondria-targeted phototherapy further facilitated mitochondrial apoptosis-related pathways, activating antitumor immunity and inhibiting tumor growth with single irradiation at low doses.
The advancement of mitochondria-targeted near-infrared-II (NIR-II) excitable phototheranostics constitutes a promising strategy for improving fluorescence-image-guided cancer phototherapy. However, developing phototheranostic agents that simultaneously combine high-contrast NIR-II fluorescence imaging with effective multimodal therapeutic techniques remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we reported a shielding-donor–acceptor–donor-shielding structured NIR-II phototheranostic (FCD-T) by a molecular engineering strategy, followed by self-assembly with glutathione-responsive copolymer to form FCD-T nanoparticles. The introduction of functional bithiophene endows FCD-T with significant electron-donating properties and reduces intermolecular π-π stacking interactions. The robust π-conjugation of fluorene with good rigidity would enhance the intramolecular charge transfer capability. Therefore, FCD-T NPs exhibited an NIR-II absorption peak at 1075 nm and an emission peak at 1280 nm. Upon NIR-II light excitation, such nanoparticles could generate excellent photothermal and photodynamic performances with good biocompatibility. Moreover, the NIR-II mitochondria-targeted phototherapy further facilitated mitochondrial apoptosis-related pathways, activating antitumor immunity and inhibiting tumor growth with single irradiation at low doses.
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Download: Download high-res image (284KB) Download: Download full-size image
摘要：
With the development of society and the economy, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a major chronic disease in contemporary society. Finding a safe, effective, and economical diagnostic method is essential for the prevention of MASLD. Serum immunoglobulin is a protein produced by the B cells after the body is stimulated by an external antigen or pathogen. It is very interesting and valuable to explore the relationship between serum immunoglobulins and MASLD. Unfortunately, only a small number of studies have explored the relationship between serum immunoglobulins and MASLD. Therefore, we review the research progress of serum immunoglobulins in MASLD. At the same time, we also discuss the shortcomings of these studies. We hope this review will provide experience and reference for the prevention of MASLD in the future.
摘要：
Zinc (Zn(2+)) is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in various biological functions. Aberrant Zn(2+) homeostasis may lead to the occurrence and development of diseases. Zinc transporters, primarily classified into two families in humans: the ZnT (SLC30A) family and the ZIP (SLC39A) family, are critical regulators of Zn(2+) homeostasis. The roles of ZnT-mediated Zn(2+) homeostasis in diseases are an active area of research. The ZnT family comprises ten members, belonging to four subfamilies, which are widely distributed in various tissues and subcellular organelles. ZnTs mediate directional Zn(2+) efflux, transporting cytoplasmic Zn(2+) into extracellular compartments or sequestering it within intracellular vesicles. Accumulating evidence has shown that ZnT dysregulation or ZnT mutations can disrupt Zn(2+) homeostasis, leading to the occurrence and development of diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on the distribution and structure of ZnTs. Furthermore, we synthesize recent advances in ZnT-mediated regulation of Zn(2+) homeostasis in disease pathogenesis to guide the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
关键词：
bioequivalence;healthy subject;liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry;pharmacokinetics;sodium valproate
摘要：
Sodium valproate, a broad-spectrum antiseizure medication of the fatty acid derivative class, was investigated in this study. The trial was designed as a single-center, open-label, randomized, 2-treatment, 4-period, 2-sequence crossover study conducted among healthy Chinese subjects. The objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of a novel generic 0.2g sodium valproate tablet and the branded reference product under fasting (n = 28) and fed (n = 28) conditions, with a 14-day washout period between dosing periods. Blood samples were collected at predefined time points within 72 hours after dosing, and plasma valproic acid concentrations were quantified using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The results demonstrated comparable pharmacokinetic profiles between the formulations, with the 90% confidence intervals for both maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration-time curve falling entirely within the 80%-125% bioequivalence acceptance range. Additionally, although food coadministration reduced maximum plasma concentration and delayed time to maximum concentration, area under the concentration-time curve remained unaffected. Regarding safety, neither formulation caused serious adverse events, and both exhibited similar safety profiles. These findings indicate that the generic sodium valproate tablet is bioequivalent to the reference product, with both formulations showing consistent bioequivalence and safety.
作者机构：
[Yi, Wenbin; Zheng, Xing; Deng, Jiawen; Yi, WB; Yao, Xu; Zheng, X] Univ South China, Inst Pharm & Pharmacol, Hengyang Med Sch, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Jin-Hong; Lin, JH; Xiao, Ji-Chang; Zhang, Yahan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Organ Chem, State Key Lab Fluorine & Nitrogen Chem & Adv Mat, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Xing; Zhang, Jun; Zheng, X] Hunan Vocat Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Pharm, Third Zhongyi Shan Rd, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yi, WB; Yi, Wenbin; Lin, Lukang] Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Chem Engn, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yi, WB ] N;[Yi, WB; Xiao, JC ; Lin, JH; Zheng, X ] U;Univ South China, Inst Pharm & Pharmacol, Hengyang Med Sch, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Organ Chem, State Key Lab Fluorine & Nitrogen Chem & Adv Mat, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China.;Hunan Vocat Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Pharm, Third Zhongyi Shan Rd, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Energetic salts;Insensitive;Trifluoromethyl
摘要：
Two types of 5-trifluoromethyl tetrazole-based energetic salts were successfully synthesized from trifluoroacetamide and sodium azide. The synthetic approach is characterized by its simplicity and safety. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of both intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding within the crystal lattice of energetic salts. The synthesized compound 4 demonstrated notable physical properties, including high densities (1.64 g cm -3 ), great thermal stability (with decomposition temperatures of 167 °C), and excellent insensitivity (impact sensitivity exceeding 40 J). These attributes suggest that the compound 4 possess promising energetic performance and is potential candidates for use as insensitive high-energy materials.
Two types of 5-trifluoromethyl tetrazole-based energetic salts were successfully synthesized from trifluoroacetamide and sodium azide. The synthetic approach is characterized by its simplicity and safety. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of both intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding within the crystal lattice of energetic salts. The synthesized compound 4 demonstrated notable physical properties, including high densities (1.64 g cm -3 ), great thermal stability (with decomposition temperatures of 167 °C), and excellent insensitivity (impact sensitivity exceeding 40 J). These attributes suggest that the compound 4 possess promising energetic performance and is potential candidates for use as insensitive high-energy materials.
作者：
Ke, Linling;Xie, Qian;Wang, Xiaoman;Gong, Yuanhang;Li, Min
期刊：
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS,2025年(215) ISSN：1940-087X
通讯作者：
Li, M
作者机构：
[Ke, Linling; Li, Min; Xie, Qian; Wang, Xiaoman; Gong, Yuanhang] Univ South China, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, Hengyang Med Sch, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;[Li, Min] Natl Hlth Commiss, Hunan Prov Maternal & Child Hlth Care Hosp, Key Lab Birth Defect Res & Preventio, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, M ] U;Univ South China, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, Hengyang Med Sch, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;Natl Hlth Commiss, Hunan Prov Maternal & Child Hlth Care Hosp, Key Lab Birth Defect Res & Preventio, Beijing, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Both DNA replication and RNA transcription utilize genomic DNA as their template, necessitating spatial and temporal separation of these processes. Conflicts between the replication and transcription machinery, termed transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs), pose a considerable risk to genome stability, a critical factor in cancer development. While several factors regulating these collisions have been identified, pinpointing primary causes remains difficult due to limited tools for direct visualization and clear interpretation. In this study, we directly visualize TRCs using a proximity ligation assay (PLA), leveraging antibodies specific to PCNA and phosphorylated CTD of RNA polymerase II. This approach allows precise measurement of TRCs between replication and transcription processes mediated by RNA polymerase II. The method is further enhanced through DNA primers conjugated covalently to these antibodies, coupled with PCR amplification using fluorescent probes, providing a highly sensitive and specific means of detecting endogenous TRCs. Fluorescence microscopy enables the visualization of these conflicts, offering a powerful tool to study genome instability mechanisms associated with cancer. This technique addresses the gap in direct TRC visualization, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis and understanding of the underlying processes driving genome instability in cells.
摘要：
Empagliflozin is a highly selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and an effective medication for treating diabetes. This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two 10-mg empagliflozin tablets in healthy Chinese subjects and examine food's effect on absorption. The research was conducted as a single-center, randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-way crossover study involving 47 subjects (fasting: n = 23, fed: n = 24). Subjects received either the test or reference drug and switched to the alternative after a 7-day washout period. Blood samples were collected before administration and up to 48 hours after dosing, analyzed using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques to determine empagliflozin levels. In both studies, all 23 subjects completed the study phases under fasting and fed conditions. In both scenarios, when comparing the test and reference formulations, the 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity fell within the bioequivalence threshold of 80%-125%, confirming their acceptability. The study found that a high-fat meal slightly reduced drug exposure and slightly accelerated absorption. No serious adverse events were observed. This research confirmed the pharmacokinetic similarity of the 2 empagliflozin formulations and demonstrated their good tolerance under fasting and fed conditions.
摘要：
Revealing changes in the tumor microenvironment is crucial for understanding cancer and developing sensitive methods for precise cancer imaging and diagnosis. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and microenvironmental factors (e.g., viscosity and polarity) are closely linked to various physiological and pathological processes, making them potential biomarkers for cancer. However, a triple-response theranostic probe for precise tumor imaging and therapy has not yet been achieved due to the lack of effective tools. Herein, we present a mitochondria-targeting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, VPH-5DF, capable of simultaneously monitoring H(2)O(2), viscosity, and polarity through dual NIR channels. The probe specifically detects H(2)O(2) via NIR emission (λ(em) = 650 nm) and shows high sensitivity to microenvironmental viscosity/polarity in the deep NIR channel (λ(em) ≈ 750 nm). Furthermore, the probe not only monitors mitochondrial polarity, viscosity, and fluctuations in endogenous/exogenous H(2)O(2) levels but also distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells through multiple parameters. Additionally, VPH-5DF can be employed to monitor alterations in H(2)O(2) levels, as well as changes in viscosity and polarity, during drug-induced pyroptosis in living cells. After treatment with VPH-5DF, chemotherapy-induced oxidative damage to the mitochondria in tumor cells activated the pyroptosis pathway, leading to a robust antitumor response, as evidenced in xenograft tumor models. Thus, this triple-response theranostic prodrug offers a new platform for precise in vivo cancer diagnosis and anticancer chemotherapy.
