摘要：
The present study aimed to explore the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on renal tissue fibrosis and its mechanism in diabetic rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=13/group): Control group; induced diabetes mellitus group (STZ); induced diabetes mellitus treated with H2S group (STZ + H2S); normal rats treated with H2S group (H2S). The diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 40 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin (STZ); the control group was treated with saline every day (i.p); NaHS (100 mu mol/kg i.p.) was administered to rats of STZ + H2S group and H2S group. After 8 weeks, rat body weight and 24 h proteinuria levels were determined in each group, renal pathological morphology was analyzed by Masson's trichrome staining, collagen IV content was detected by immunohistochemistry, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was performed on renal glomerular and tubular basement membranes. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), MMP7, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serine/threonine kinase AKT, transforming growth factor (TGF) -beta 1, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B and several autophagy related proteins were assessed by western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, renal tissue fibrosis was observed, collagen IV expression and the 24 h proteinuria quantity was markedly increased and the amount of PAS positive material in renal glomerular and tubular basement membranes was notably increased in STZ-treated rats. Furthermore, the expression levels of MMP9, MMP7, TIMP1, autophagy-associated proteins, AKT, TGF-beta 1 and NF-kappa B protein were significantly increased, and SOD expression levels were significantly decreased in the STZ group compared with the control (P<0.05). In the H2S + STZ group, renal tissue fibrosis and the expression of collagen IV were improved, 24 h proteinuria was decreased, the amount of PAS positive material in renal glomerular and tubular basement membranes was decreased, the expression levels MMP9, MMP7, TIMP1, autophagy-associated proteins, AKT, TGF-beta 1 and NF-kappa B protein were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of SOD were significantly increased compared with the STZ group (P<0.05). In conclusion, H2S may improve renal tissue fibrosis by inhibiting autophagy, upregulating SOD and downregulating AKT, TGF-beta 1 and NF-kappa B.
作者机构：
[Tang, Dan; Ou, Weiwei; Wang, Deming; Chen, Quan; Wang, Jiazheng; Xiao, Ji] Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Anesthesiol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Mo, Zhongcheng] Univ South China, Dept Histol & Embryol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Chaoke] Univ South China, Inst Cardiovasc Res, Life Sci Res Ctr, Key Lab Atherosclerol Hunan Prov, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Liangyu] Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Anesthesiol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Deming; Peng, Liangyu] U;Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Anesthesiol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Anesthesiol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
liver X receptor;cytokine;mRNA decay;tristetraprolin;mitogen-activated protein kinase
摘要：
Liver X receptors (LXRs) have anti-inflammatory properties. Whether LXRs play a role in post-transcriptional control of inflammatory cytokine expression is not clear. Here, we firstly identified that the synthetic LXR agonist T0901317 promoted IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFa mRNA degradation. Moreover, T0901317 destabilized TNFa mRNA through its 3'-untranslated region. In addition, T0901317 increased the expression of tristetraprolin (TTP), while antagonizing TTP with siRNA abrogated T0901317-mediated inflammatory cytokine mRNA decay. Interestingly, T0901317 repressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in THP-1 macrophages. The evidence presented here confirms that LXR activation with T0901317 inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, likely resulting in the increased expression of TTP and the decay of LPS-induce inflammatory cytokine mRNAs.
摘要：
Apelin acts as the endogenous ligand of G protein coupled receptors APJ. The apelin/APJ systemis responsible for the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, apelin/APJ has been considered to play an important role in cardiac hypertrophy, but whether that role is beneficial or aggravating remains controversial. Apelin/APJ alleviates cardiac hypertrophy which is triggered by angiotensin II, oxidative stress and exercise. However, central administration of apelin induces cardiac hypertrophy. Peripheral administration of apelin also promotes the development of cardiac hypertrophy under non-pathological conditions. Furthermore, our laboratory discovers that apelin/APJ is able to induce hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in vitro. The exact mechanism of apelin/APJ's dual effects in cardiac hypertrophy requires further study. In this paper, we review the controversies associated with apelin/APJ in cardiac hypertrophy and we elaborate the role of apelin/APJ in cardiac hypertrophy related-diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, myocarditis and myocardial infarction. We conclude that further studies should emphasize more about the relationship between apelin/APJ and pathological hypertrophy especially in clinical patients. Moreover, apelin/APJ can be a promising therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
摘要：
Recent studies have indicated the existence of an endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2)-generating system in the cardiovascular system. The present study aimed to discuss the function and regulatory mechanism of gaseous signal molecule SO2 in inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) via the Hippo-MST signaling pathway to improve myocardial fibrosis of diabetic rats. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats per group): Normal control group (control group), diabetic rats group [streptozotocin (STZ) group], SO2 intervention group (STZ+SO2 group) and diabetes mellitus rats treated with L-Aspartic acid ss-hydroxamate (HDX) group (HDX group). Diabetic rats models were established by intra-peritoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) Following model establishment, intra-peritoneal injection of Na2SO3/NaHSO3 solution (0.54 mmol/kg) was administered in the STZ+SO2 group, and HDX solution (25 mg/kg/week) was administered in the HDX group. A total of 4 weeks later, echocardiography was performed to evaluate rats' cardiac function; Masson staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and transmission electron microscopy examinations were performed to observe myocardial morphological changes. ELISA was employed to determine the SO2 content. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis, ERS and the Hippo-MST signalling pathway. Compared with the control group, the STZ group and HDX group had a disordered arrangement of myocardial cells with apparent myocardial fibrosis, and echocardiography indicated that the cardiac function was lowered, there was an obvious increase of apoptosis in myocardial tissue, the expression levels of apoptosis-associated protein B-cell lymphoma associated protein X, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were upregulated, and Bcl-2 expression was downregulated. The expression of ERS and Hippo-MST pathway-associated proteins, including CHOP, GRP94, MST1 and MST2, were significantly upregulated. By contrast, these above-mentioned changes were reversed by SO2 treatment. Compared with STZ group, the HDX group had a further increase of myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, while there were no statistically significant differences in the expression of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9 and ERS and Hippo-MST pathway-associated proteins. The results of the present study demonstrated that the gaseous signal molecule SO2 can effectively improve the myocardial fibrosis of diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be associated with reduced apoptosis and ERS by downregulated Hippo-MST pathway.
通讯机构：
[He, Dongxiu] U;[He, Dongxiu] H;Univ South China, Inst Pharm & Pharmacol, Hengyang, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Prov Cooperat Innovat Ctr Mol Target New Dr, Hengyang, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The aberrant expression of carbohydrates has been associated with the occurrence, growth, progression and metastasis of tumors. Tumor-associated carbohydrates may have great potential as tumor markers for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, characterizing HCC-associated carbohydrate expression is of great importance to assist the early diagnosis of HCC. A fluorescence method for characterizing carbohydrates expressed on both normal human cells (LO2 cells and endothelial cells) and HCC cells (HepG2 cells) using functionalized quantum dots (QDs) has been proposed in this study. The QDs were successfully fabricated and covalently conjugated with Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) or Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) via 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) coupling reaction. The formed functionalized QDs (lectin–QDs conjugates) were characterized using ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra, agarose gel electrophoresis, hemagglutination activity tests, lectin competitive-binding assay and carbohydrate inhibition assays. The functionalized QDs were found to retain stable fluorescence and carbohydrate recognition abilities. Significant differences of carbohydrates expressed between on the normal cells and the HepG2 cells were evaluated by fluorescence imaging and flow cytometric analysis. The experimental results illustrate that the functionalized QDs could be used as promising tools for monitoring in situ cell surface carbohydrate expression and evaluating the differences in the carbohydrates expressed on normal cells and tumor cells surfaces, which is very important for helping the early diagnosis of HCC.
摘要：
A fluorinated substituent on the positive phosphorus in phosphonium salt [Ph3P+CF(Me)CO2Et Br-] was found to be able to act as a nucleophile to realize monofluoroalkylation of aldehydes, ketones and imines. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Colon cancer is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal cancers and the fourth cause of cancer death worldwide. To discover novel diagnostic biomarkers for colon cancer and investigate potential mechanisms of oncogenesis, quantitative proteomic approach using iTRAQ-tagging and 2D-LC-MS/MS was performed to characterize proteins alterations in colon cancer and non-neoplastic colonic mucosa (NNCM) using laser capture microdissection-harvested from the two types of tissues, respectively. As a result, 188 DEPs were identified, and the differential expression of two DEPs (DCN and HSPD1) was further verified by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. KEGG pathway analysis disclosed that the DEPs were related to signaling pathways associated with cancer; furthermore, DCN and HSPD1 are in the relative central hub position among protein-protein interaction subnetwork of the DEPs. The results not only shed light on the mechanism by the DEPs contributed to colonic carcinogenesis, but also showed that DCN and HSPD1 are novel potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of colon cancer.
摘要：
Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are the most common non-small cell lung cancer histological phenotypes. Accurate diagnosis distinguishing between these two lung cancer types has clinical significance. For this study, we analyzed four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE28571, GSE37745, GSE43580, and GSE50081). We then imported the datasets into the Gene-Cloud of Biotechnology Information online platform to identify genes differentially expressed in LADC and LSCC. We identified DSG3 (desmoglein 3), KRT5 (keratin 5), KRT6A (keratin 6A), KRT6B (keratin 6B), NKX2-1 (NK2 homeobox 1), SFTA2 (surfactant associated 2), SFTA3 (surfactant associated 3), and TMC5 (transmembrane channel-like 5) as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between LADC and LSCC. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that KRT5 had the highest diagnostic value for discriminating between these two cancer types. Using the PrognoScan online survival analysis tool and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter, we found that high KRT6A or KRT6B levels, or low NKX2-1, SFTA3, or TMC5 levels correlated with unfavorable prognoses in LADC patients. Further studies will be needed to verify our findings in additional patient samples, and to elucidate the mechanisms of action of these potential biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer.
摘要：
Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular pathogen, has various effective strategies to regulate host cell death signalling pathways that ensure completion of their growth cycle. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is responsible for elimination of dysfunctional and impaired mitochondria, and this process plays a critical role in cell survival via restriction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. However, the specific molecular mechanisms are not entirely understood. In the present study, we observed that pORF5 plasmid protein of C. trachomatis plays a crucial role in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Knockdown high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) by lentivirus suppressed pORF5-induced mitophagy and increased apoptosis, implying that pORF5 may participate in cell death signalling pathways via up-regulation of HMGB1. Thus, we concluded that up-regulation of HMGB1 is a pivotal event for C. trachomatis that manipulates mitophagy and apoptosis in order to establish a favourable environment supportive of Chlamydial growth, which should further promote our understanding of Chlamydial pathogenic mechanisms.
摘要：
A Pd(II)-catalyzed ortho-olefination of aromatic acetic esters is described which features with an excellent funcitional group tolerance, good yields, mild reaction conditions, good scalability as well as high chemo- and regio-selectivity.
