摘要：
Avatar is one of the most intuitive central components in Metaverse and faces serious security problems, particularly during the interaction with each other. In this article, we consider the problem of timely detecting the stealthy anomaly in the avatar interaction, which is crucial for security and privacy in Metaverse. With this goal, a new tensor summary statistic is proposed first to well depict the statistical discrepancy between normal and anomalous interaction volume samples, even when anomalies are stealthy. The proposed tensor summary statistic is established from the tensor linear representation residual, which naturally implies the statistical probability that an interaction volume sample lies within or deviates from the tensor lateral space. Moreover, a convex optimization programme is introduced to robustly recover the tensor lateral space in the presence of anomalous samples, thereby enhancing the robustness of our tensor summary statistic. On the basis of the tensor summary statistic, a non-parametric statistic framework is developed for the real-time detection of the stealthy interaction volume anomaly. We also provide theoretical analysis concerning its detection performance and parameter selection. Extensive experiments using synthetic and real-world datasets verify our effectiveness and superiority. Compared with benchmark methods, the proposed detection scheme achieves significantly lower detection delay and higher false alarm period, particularly in the detection of stealthy anomalies with a low change rate.
作者机构：
[Xu, Baomin; Wang, Xingzhu; Jiang, Bo; Wang, Deng; Wang, XZ; Peng, Wenbo; Su, Fei; Bao, Yuqi; Zhu, Peide; Wu, Chen; Zeng, Jie] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Baomin; Wang, Xingzhu; Jiang, Bo; Wang, Deng; Wang, XZ; Peng, Wenbo; Su, Fei; Bao, Yuqi; Zhu, Peide; Wu, Chen; Zeng, Jie] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Shenzhen Engn Res & Dev Ctr Flexible Solar Cells, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Liang, Zheng; Pan, Xu] Chinese Acad Sci, Hefei Inst Phys Sci HIPS, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Baomin] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Key Univ Lab Highly Efficient Utilizat Solar Energ, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Baomin] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, SUSTech Energy Inst Carbon Neutral, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, BM ; Wang, XZ] S;[Zhang, Y ] H;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Shenzhen Engn Res & Dev Ctr Flexible Solar Cells, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Guangzhou, Sustainable Energy & Environm Thrust, Funct Hub, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Anti-solvent-free;In-situ analysis;Self-assembled molecule;Hole transporting materials;Perovskite solar cells
摘要：
Developing a facile method to fabricate high-quality perovskite films without employing anti-solvent techniques is crucial for the scalable production of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, fabricating formamidinium-based perovskite films without anti-solvent often results in films of inferior quality with high defect density, limiting the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of derived PSCs. In this study, self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was employed as hole transport layers to promote the buried interface nucleation and growth of anti-solvent-free perovskite, which is particularly critical for such systems. We use the in-situ characterization techniques to in-depth understand the role of SAM binding in regulating nucleation and crystallization of perovskite precursors in anti-solvent-free systems. The resulting perovskite films exhibit stable crystal lattices and efficient charge carrier transfer. Consequently, the best-performing inverted structure devices achieve power conversion efficiencies of 25.60% and 23.53% on small-area (0.0736 cm 2 ) and large-area (1.0 cm 2 ) devices, respectively, which is among the highest efficiencies of anti-solvent-free PSCs.
Developing a facile method to fabricate high-quality perovskite films without employing anti-solvent techniques is crucial for the scalable production of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, fabricating formamidinium-based perovskite films without anti-solvent often results in films of inferior quality with high defect density, limiting the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of derived PSCs. In this study, self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was employed as hole transport layers to promote the buried interface nucleation and growth of anti-solvent-free perovskite, which is particularly critical for such systems. We use the in-situ characterization techniques to in-depth understand the role of SAM binding in regulating nucleation and crystallization of perovskite precursors in anti-solvent-free systems. The resulting perovskite films exhibit stable crystal lattices and efficient charge carrier transfer. Consequently, the best-performing inverted structure devices achieve power conversion efficiencies of 25.60% and 23.53% on small-area (0.0736 cm 2 ) and large-area (1.0 cm 2 ) devices, respectively, which is among the highest efficiencies of anti-solvent-free PSCs.
作者机构：
[Dongbao Tang; Luxuan Liu; Zhaoyuan Jia; Yuyu Tan] The Ultra-fast/Micro-nano Technology and Advanced Laser Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, College of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hunan, 421001 China;[Xiaoyun Lu] Zhonghe Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300308 China;[Kunjie Li; Xinyao Yang; Zhi Zhu; Huimin Zhang; Chaoyong Yang] The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
通讯机构：
[Yuyu Tan; Huimin Zhang] T;The Ultra-fast/Micro-nano Technology and Advanced Laser Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, College of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hunan, 421001 China<&wdkj&>The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
关键词：
DNA information storage;DNA synthesis efficiency;synthetic biology;tetrahedral DNA nanostructure
摘要：
De novo DNA synthesis plays crucial roles in life science. Enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis (EOS) has attracted interest due to longer synthesized chains, simple procedure, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, unlike chemical synthesis dominated by small molecule, the EOS relies on enzyme reacting with primers. It remains challenging due to restricted accessibility caused by the anisotropy of initiator primers and the spatial hindrance of enzymes. Herein, this study developes a nanoscopic interface functioned with 3D DNA framework to achieve efficient EOS. The highly ordered DNA framework - tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDN) provide an ordered upright orientation and reasonable spacing for primers to enhance enzyme accessibility. Compared to single-stranded structures, the TDN scaffold significantly enhances the enzyme's substrate affinity and catalytic reaction kinetics. As for the synthesis of five given patterned sequences, TDN scaffold effectively reduces the occurrence of deletion errors with increasing yield. Finally, efficient TDN-based EOS is employed for DNA information storage by synthesizing a 60-nucletide DNA fragment with a stepwise yield of 96.82%, allowing the accurate retrieval of 15 bytes of text information. The TDN-based EOS paves the way for developing more efficient and accurate DNA synthesis methods, laying a robust foundation for future applications in DNA storage and genetic research.
期刊：
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY,2025年180:111544 ISSN：0030-3992
通讯作者：
Li, Y
作者机构：
[Luo, Xiao-Qing; Lu, Zhendong; Chen, Sha; Zhou, Yaojie; Liu, Qinke] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yan] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Liu, W. M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Y ] U;Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
All-dielectric metasurface;Bound states in the continuum;Refractive index sensing
摘要：
The quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) have drawn increasing attention in optical metasurfaces derived from their ultrahigh quality factors, and show the utility to enhance the sensitivity of optical sensing. However, conventional single-resonance sensing may be inaccurate and unreliable, and then the dual-resonance sensing governed by the coupled QBIC is desired but remains elusive. Here, we show that the coupled QBIC modes can be leveraged to unfold dual-resonance refractive index sensing in the hybrid all-dielectric metasurface. Specifically, it is revealed that the toroidal dipole mode can be realized with strong electric field enhancement, enabling the implementation of anapole mode in the telecom short-wavelength band (1460–1530 nm). Under different linearly polarized illuminations, the dual symmetry-protected QBIC modes dominated by the electric quadrupole resonance can be fulfilled in the telecom extended-wavelength band (1360–1460 nm). Within this framework, the polarization-dependent dual symmetry-protected QBIC modes selectively coupled with the toroidal dipole mode or the anapole mode can not only uncover the transformation from Fano resonance to analog of electromagnetically induced transparency, but also manifest two types of high-sensitivity dual-resonance refractive index sensing in the telecom extended-wavelength and short-wavelength bands. The dual-resonance refractive index sensing can also be extended to telecom long-wavelength band (1565–1625 nm) and ultra-long-wavelength band (1625–1675 nm) with enhanced sensitivity. These results offer exploration potential for multi-channel sensing, optical modulators, and slow-light devices.
The quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) have drawn increasing attention in optical metasurfaces derived from their ultrahigh quality factors, and show the utility to enhance the sensitivity of optical sensing. However, conventional single-resonance sensing may be inaccurate and unreliable, and then the dual-resonance sensing governed by the coupled QBIC is desired but remains elusive. Here, we show that the coupled QBIC modes can be leveraged to unfold dual-resonance refractive index sensing in the hybrid all-dielectric metasurface. Specifically, it is revealed that the toroidal dipole mode can be realized with strong electric field enhancement, enabling the implementation of anapole mode in the telecom short-wavelength band (1460–1530 nm). Under different linearly polarized illuminations, the dual symmetry-protected QBIC modes dominated by the electric quadrupole resonance can be fulfilled in the telecom extended-wavelength band (1360–1460 nm). Within this framework, the polarization-dependent dual symmetry-protected QBIC modes selectively coupled with the toroidal dipole mode or the anapole mode can not only uncover the transformation from Fano resonance to analog of electromagnetically induced transparency, but also manifest two types of high-sensitivity dual-resonance refractive index sensing in the telecom extended-wavelength and short-wavelength bands. The dual-resonance refractive index sensing can also be extended to telecom long-wavelength band (1565–1625 nm) and ultra-long-wavelength band (1625–1675 nm) with enhanced sensitivity. These results offer exploration potential for multi-channel sensing, optical modulators, and slow-light devices.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, TJ ] U;Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
polysilicon reduction furnace power system;dual-closed-loop control system;model-free adaptive control (MFAC);improved PID
摘要：
In the power system of a polysilicon reduction furnace, especially during the silicon rod growth process, the issue of insufficient temperature control accuracy arises due to the system's nonlinear and time-varying characteristics. To address this challenge, a dual-loop control system is proposed, combining model-free adaptive control (MFAC) with an improved PID controller. The inner loop utilizes a hysteresis PID controller for dynamic current regulation, ensuring fast and accurate current adjustments. Meanwhile, the outer loop employs a hybrid MFAC-based improved PID algorithm to optimize the temperature tracking performance, achieving precise temperature control even in the presence of system uncertainties. The MFAC component is adaptive and does not require a system model, while the improved PID enhances stability and reduces the response time. Simulation results demonstrate that this hybrid control strategy significantly improves the system's performance, achieving faster response times, smaller steady-state errors, and notable improvements in the uniformity of polysilicon deposition, which is critical for high-quality silicon rod growth. The proposed system enhances both efficiency and accuracy in industrial applications. Furthermore, applying the dual-loop model to actual industrial products further validated its effectiveness. The experimental results show that the dual-loop model closely approximates the polysilicon production model, confirming that dual-loop control can allow the system to rapidly and accurately reach the set values.
作者机构：
[Yang, Bin; Tan, Binxi] Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, B ] U;Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Transformer;deep learning;image fusion;infrared image;multiscale features
摘要：
The aim of infrared and visible image fusion is to produce a composite image that can highlight the infrared targets and maintain plentiful detailed textures simultaneously. Despite the promising fusion performance of current deep-learning-based algorithms, most fusion algorithms highly depend on convolution operations, which limits their capability to represent long-range contextual information. To overcome this challenge, we design a novel infrared and visible image fusion network based on Res2Net and multiscale Transformer, called RMTFuse. Specifically, we devise a local feature extraction module based on Res2Net (LFE-RN) in which dense connections are adopted to reuse the information that might be lost in convolution operation and a global feature extraction module based on multiscale Transformer (GFE-MT) which is composed of a Transformer module and a global feature integration module (GFIM). The Transformer module extracts the coarse-to-fine semantic features of the source images, while GFIM is used to further aggregate the hierarchical features to strengthen contextual feature representations. Furthermore, we employ the pre-trained VGG-16 network to compute the loss of features with different depths. Massive experiments on mainstream datasets indicate that RMTFuse is superior to the state-of-the-art methods in both subjective and objective assessments.
通讯作者：
Zhenye Li<&wdkj&>Deqian Zeng<&wdkj&>Hanjian Lai
作者机构：
[Deqian Zeng] School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China;[Hanjian Lai] School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China;[Zhenye Li; Rujin Zhou; Zhaoxiong Su; Min Mao; Zhijun Li] College of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China;[Chunguang Zhu] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, 643002 China
通讯机构：
[Zhenye Li] C;[Deqian Zeng; Hanjian Lai] S;School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China<&wdkj&>School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China<&wdkj&>College of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
摘要：
Industrial-scale roll-to-roll processing of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) requires photoactive layers ≥300 nm for manufacturability and mechanical robustness, yet state-of-the-art high-efficiency systems remain confined to 80-120 nm due to intrinsic exciton diffusion and charge transport limitations. To resolve this fundamental thickness-efficiency trade-off, monolayer MnPS(3) nanosheet (1-2 nm) via liquid-phase exfoliation are engineered to extend exciton diffusion lengths and out-of-plane charge mobility, as validated through multimodal characterization. The optimized PM6:Y6:MnPS(3)system achieves record efficiencies of 19.53% (100 nm) and 18.41% (300 nm), demonstrating unprecedented 94.3% thickness tolerance and setting the highest reported retention for thick-film (>300 nm) OPVs. Universal applicability is evidenced through 20.45%/19.70% (D18-Cl:L8-BO system) and 20.41%/19.62% (D18:L8-BO system) efficiencies at 100/300 nm, outperforming state-of-the-art thick-film devices. This monolayer MnPS(3) nanosheet integration paradigm establishes a general design rule for thickness-insensitive organic semiconductors, overcoming the critical photon harvesting-charge extraction dichotomy in industrial-scale OPV manufacturing.
期刊：
Journal of the Franklin Institute,2025年362(1):107397 ISSN：0016-0032
通讯作者：
Wang, H
作者机构：
[Nie, Liang] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Hui] Liaocheng Univ, Sch Math Sci, Liaocheng 252000, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Yichong] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Multiscale Med Robot Ctr, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, H ] L;Liaocheng Univ, Sch Math Sci, Liaocheng 252000, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In this paper, a switched linear parameter-varying (LPV) resilient tracking controller is designed for rigid-body under actuator faults, uncertainties in measurement of scheduling parameters and time-delay in detection of system modes. The nonlinear attitude dynamics of rigid-body is constructed as a switched LPV system in which persistent dwell-time switching rule is used to regulate the switches caused by abrupt and intermittent actuator failures. Thereafter, by constructing a class of both parameter-dependent and time-dependent multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs), a switched LPV resilient tracking controller is developed in order that the global uniform exponential stability and desired L∞ performance of the underlying system are achieved even with uncertain scheduling parameters, mismatched modes and persistent external disturbances. Furthermore, the nonconvex conditions of control synthesis are converted into parameterized linear matrix inequalities that can be readily resolved via gridding technique. Finally, the availability of the provided approach is evaluated with a numerical simulation.
In this paper, a switched linear parameter-varying (LPV) resilient tracking controller is designed for rigid-body under actuator faults, uncertainties in measurement of scheduling parameters and time-delay in detection of system modes. The nonlinear attitude dynamics of rigid-body is constructed as a switched LPV system in which persistent dwell-time switching rule is used to regulate the switches caused by abrupt and intermittent actuator failures. Thereafter, by constructing a class of both parameter-dependent and time-dependent multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs), a switched LPV resilient tracking controller is developed in order that the global uniform exponential stability and desired L∞ performance of the underlying system are achieved even with uncertain scheduling parameters, mismatched modes and persistent external disturbances. Furthermore, the nonconvex conditions of control synthesis are converted into parameterized linear matrix inequalities that can be readily resolved via gridding technique. Finally, the availability of the provided approach is evaluated with a numerical simulation.
期刊：
Nuclear Engineering and Design,2025年433:113872 ISSN：0029-5493
通讯作者：
Liu, HL
作者机构：
[Liu, Hongliang; Ouyang, Zigen; Liu, HL; Liu, Wangheng] Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Wenjie] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Hua] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, HL ] U;Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Adaptive learning observer;Radial basis function neural networks;Fixed-time fault-tolerant control;Control rod drive mechanism faults;Load following for modular high-temperature;gas-cooled reactor
摘要：
Load following of the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) under Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) faults and disturbances remains a major challenge. This paper focuses on proposing a fixed-time fault-tolerant control method for this issue without considering the sensitivities associated with parameter setting. Firstly, to reconstruct some unmeasurable states of the MHTGR and the values of CRDM faults, an adaptive learning observer is established. Based on the learning characteristic of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN), the lumped uncertainties can be approximated. And then a fixed-time fault-tolerant controller is developed to ensure that the actual load output of the MHTGR actually tracks the expected output power within a fixed time, which can be determined through the system and controller parameters. Finally, simulations under two operational conditions demonstrate the control method is effective and feasible to the MHTGR system under disturbance and CRDM faults.
Load following of the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) under Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) faults and disturbances remains a major challenge. This paper focuses on proposing a fixed-time fault-tolerant control method for this issue without considering the sensitivities associated with parameter setting. Firstly, to reconstruct some unmeasurable states of the MHTGR and the values of CRDM faults, an adaptive learning observer is established. Based on the learning characteristic of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN), the lumped uncertainties can be approximated. And then a fixed-time fault-tolerant controller is developed to ensure that the actual load output of the MHTGR actually tracks the expected output power within a fixed time, which can be determined through the system and controller parameters. Finally, simulations under two operational conditions demonstrate the control method is effective and feasible to the MHTGR system under disturbance and CRDM faults.
摘要：
In the emerging Web 3.0, origin-destination (OD) traffic maps play a crucial role in network maintenance and management. However, increasing network size and complexity, as well as insufficient or invalid NetFlow protocol-based measurements pose numerous challenges to recovering traffic maps for Web 3.0. This paper therefore proposes RNT-HTT, a robust Network Tomography model based on Hankel time-structured tensor, to accurately recover OD traffic maps with link loads and a fraction of NetFlow counts in Hankel tensor space. More specifically, we propose to Hankelize both OD traffic and link load matrices to three-way tensors along time direction, which fully exploits time-structured correlations concealed in network data. OD pairs-mode product is also designed to model the relation between the Hankelized OD traffic and link load tensors. On the basis of these, RNT-HTT formulates the recovery problem as a convex optimization program with tensor nuclear and ${{\ell }_{1}}$-norms to respectively effect traffic low-rank and noise sparsity characteristics. In addition, the block-iteration alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and bidirectional pre-sampling schemes are developed to solve RNT-HTT reliably and efficiently. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets verify effectiveness of RNT-HTT, and corroborate its superior performance over state-of-the-art methods in terms of the recovery accuracy.
通讯机构：
[Lü, B ; Zhang, HM] C;[Xiao, JF ] U;Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Hefei Inst Phys Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Sci Isl Branch, Grad Sch, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.
关键词：
近红外光谱, 异常光谱剔除, 马氏距离, 正态分布筛选法, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Abnormal spectrum removal, Mahalanobis distance, Normal distribution screening method
摘要：
在发酵过程的近红外在线检测中，由于发酵液中需要持续通入氧气来促进微生物的生长和代谢活动，常会在发酵液中产生气泡。发酵液中的气泡经过探头前方时，会对近红外光谱的强度产生较大干扰。为了剔除发酵液近红外在线检测过程中采集到的气泡引起的异常光谱，减少光谱波动，提出了一种正态分布筛选方法。制备了600 g质量分数为10%的葡萄糖溶液，每隔30 s加2 g葡萄糖溶液至盛有600 mL蒸馏水的反应釜中，搅拌均匀，然后计算和记录反应釜内葡萄糖溶液的质量分数，并在反应釜底部通入氧气产生气泡，利用近红外光谱仪采集反应釜内葡萄糖溶液的近红外光谱。分别采用主成分分析（principal component analysis, PCA）结合马氏距离法，欧氏距离法，孤立森林，正态分布筛选法对受到气泡影响的异常光谱剔除后，将光谱样本集按照4∶1的比例随机划分为校正集和预测集，随后经过光谱预处理，利用偏最小二乘法（partial least squares, PLS）对校正集建立葡萄糖溶液浓度预测模型，并用建立的PLS模型对预测集进行预测。通过校正集相关系数，校正集均方根误差，以及预测集的相关系数和均方根误差进行对比分析。采用四种方法剔除受到气泡影响的异常光谱后，所建模型结果如下，PCA结合马氏距离法剔除异常光谱后得到的校正集相关系数 R c 2 为0.998 208，均方根误差RMSECV为0.000 764，预测集相关系数 R p 2 为0.997 994，均方根误差RMSEP为0.000 764；欧式距离法剔除异常光谱后得到的校正集 R c 2 为0.998 628，均方根误差RMSECV为0.000 652，预测集相关系数 R p 2 为0.998 628，均方根误差RMSEP为0.000 655；孤立森林剔除异常光谱后得到的校正集 R c 2 为0.998 255，RMSECV为0.000 739，预测集 R p 2 为0.998 132，RMSEP为0.000 740；正态分布筛选方法剔除异常光谱后得到的校正集 R c 2 为0.998 641，均方根误差RMSECV为0.000 645，预测集 R p 2 为0.998 628，RMSEP为0.000 636。结果表明：对比四种方法，采用正态分布筛选方法能有效减少光谱强度的波动，剔除异常光谱较其他方法效果更佳。 In the near-infrared online detection of the fermentation process, bubbles are often generated in the fermentation broth due to the need to continuously pass oxygen into the fermentation broth to promote microbial growth and metabolic activities. When the bubbles in the fermentation broth pass in front of the probe, they will interfere with the intensity of the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. To eliminate the abnormal spectra caused by bubbles collected during the near-infrared online detection of fermentation broth and reduce spectral fluctuations, a normal distribution screening method is proposed in this study. In this study, 600 g of glucose solution with a mass fraction of 10% was prepared, adding 2 g of glucose solution to a reactor containing 600 mL of distilled water every 30 s, stirring well, then calculating and recording the mass fraction of glucose solution in the reactor, and generating bubbles by passing oxygen to the bottom of the reactor, and collecting the NIR spectra of the glucose solution in the reactor by using NIR spectrometer, respectively. After the anomalous spectra affected by the air bubbles were excluded by principal component analysis (PCA) combined with Mahalanobis distance method, Euclidean distance method, isolated forest, and normal distribution screening method, the sample set of spectra was randomly divided into the correction set and the prediction set according to the ratio of 4∶1, and then, after the spectral pre-processing, the glucose concentration prediction model was established for the correction set using the partial least squares method (PLSR) and the prediction set was analyzed by the established PLSR model. The correlation coefficient of the correction set, the root mean square error of the correction set, and the correlation coefficient and root mean square error of the prediction set were compared and analyzed. The results of the constructed model after removing the anomalous spectra affected by bubbles using the four methods are as follows: the correlation coefficient R c 2 of the correction set obtained after removing the anomalous spectra by PCA combined with the Mahalanobis Distance Method is 0.998 208, and the root-mean-square error RMSECV is 0.000 764, and the correlation coefficient R p 2 of the prediction set is 0.997 994, and the root mean square error RMSEP is 0.000 764; The correction set R c 2 obtained after removing the anomalous spectra by the Euclidean distance method is 0.998 628, the root mean square error RMSECV is 0.000 652, the prediction set correlation coefficient R p 2 is 0.998 628, and the root mean square error RMSEP is 0.000 655; the correction set R c 2 obtained after removing the anomalous spectra by the isolated forest method is 0.998 255, the RMSECV is 0.000 739, the prediction set R p 2 is 0.998 132, and the RMSEP is 0.000 740; the correction set R c 2 obtained after the removal of anomalous spectra by the normal distribution screening method is 0.998 641, with a root mean square error RMSECV of 0.000 645, and the prediction set R p 2 is 0.998 628, with a RMSEP of 0.000 636. Comparing the four methods, the normal distribution screening method can effectively reduce the fluctuation of spectral intensity and eliminate abnormal spectra more effectively than other methods.
摘要：
Four layer hexagonal SiC (4H-SiC) is a promising material for high temperature and high radiation environments, attributed to its excellent thermal conductivity and radiation resistance. However, the mechanism of radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC remains incomplete. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) to explore the effects of radiation energy, direction and environmental temperature on displacement cascades in 4H-SiC. We simulated radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC under radiation energy ranging from 2 KeV to 10 KeV and temperature ranging from 0 K to 2100 K. We analyzed the variation pattern of radiation defects and clusters. We derived the empirical formulas describing the variation of defects and clusters with radiation energy and radiation direction. We revealed patterns in the number of radiation defects and clusters under different temperature. The findings enhance our understanding of radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC, providing valuable empirical formulas for predicting the behaviors of defects and clusters under varying radiation energy and temperature conditions, and have practical implications for designing materials resilient to radiation in semiconductor devices.
Four layer hexagonal SiC (4H-SiC) is a promising material for high temperature and high radiation environments, attributed to its excellent thermal conductivity and radiation resistance. However, the mechanism of radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC remains incomplete. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) to explore the effects of radiation energy, direction and environmental temperature on displacement cascades in 4H-SiC. We simulated radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC under radiation energy ranging from 2 KeV to 10 KeV and temperature ranging from 0 K to 2100 K. We analyzed the variation pattern of radiation defects and clusters. We derived the empirical formulas describing the variation of defects and clusters with radiation energy and radiation direction. We revealed patterns in the number of radiation defects and clusters under different temperature. The findings enhance our understanding of radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC, providing valuable empirical formulas for predicting the behaviors of defects and clusters under varying radiation energy and temperature conditions, and have practical implications for designing materials resilient to radiation in semiconductor devices.
作者机构：
[Xiang Liu; Bin Yang] School of electrical engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China [email protected]
会议名称：
CIBDA '25: Proceedings of the 2025 6th International Conference on Computer Information and Big Data Applications
摘要：
Multi-Exposure image Fusion (MEF) aims to combine the complementary information in the over-underexposed source image pairs or sequences to obtain a fused image with rich texture details, appropriate brightness, and pleasure visual quality. Existing multi-exposure image fusion networks predominantly employ Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), which exhibit limited capacity in capturing global context information. For this reason, we design a network based on spatial-frequency domain aggregate, named SFANet. In general, the network adopts a U-shape structure. Firstly, we extract different scale of feature maps via down-sampling. Then Spatial-Frequency Aggregation Block (SFAB) is proposed for feature fusion. Specifically, this block consists of three modules: Spatial Fusion Module (SFM), Frequency Fusion Module (FFM), and Spatial-Frequency Fusion Module (SFFM). Specially, SFM is designed to integrate spatial features across different scales and extracts local information from source images, while the FFM leverages the characteristics of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to capture long-term dependencies in the source image. To enhance the interaction between the spatial-frequency domain and to capture complementary information from the source image, we suggest SFFMs. Extensive evaluations show that the proposed method yields competitive fusion results when compared with existing state-of-the-art methods.
期刊：
Chemical Engineering Journal,2025年511:161865 ISSN：1385-8947
通讯作者：
Wang, XZ;Tang, ZG
作者机构：
[Wang, Xingzhu; Wang, XZ; Sheng, Yifa; Xu, Guoqiang; Zheng, Xiaojian] Univ South China, Engn & Res Ctr Integrated New Energy Photovolta &, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xingzhu; Wang, XZ; Sheng, Yifa; Xu, Guoqiang; Zheng, Xiaojian] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[You, Peng; Zhang, Yu; Su, Yaorong; Xin, Min; Han, Peigang; Tang, ZG; Wang, Junyu; Tang, Zeguo; Xu, Guoqiang; Zheng, Xiaojian; Li, Jiahao; Khan, Danish; Gao, Huaxi; Yang, Fan; Lu, Di; Tang, Jun] Shenzhen Technol Univ, Coll New Mat & New Energies, Lantian Rd 3002, Shenzhen 518118, Peoples R China.;[Muhammad, Imran] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Ahmed, Shehzad] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, China UK Low Carbon Coll, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, XZ ] U;[Tang, ZG ] S;Univ South China, Engn & Res Ctr Integrated New Energy Photovolta &, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Shenzhen Technol Univ, Coll New Mat & New Energies, Lantian Rd 3002, Shenzhen 518118, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Dipole moment;Upper interface;Bi-molecular host-guest strategy;Inverted perovskite solar cells
摘要：
Due to the ease of chemisorption of self-assembled molecules on metal oxides, the dipole generation significantly minimizes interface recombination and improves hole extraction at the buried interface in inverted perovskite solar cells. By applying the same technique to the surface of perovskite films to enhance electron extraction and transportation properties, benzamidines are assembled on the surface of perovskite films via a unique host–guest strategy in this study. The ammonium cation, as a guest, interlocks itself in the crown ether’s cavity at the crown ether-treated perovskite films. Experimental characterizations and theoretical analyses show that this tightly bound interlocking self-assembles the benzamidine and creates dipole at the perovskite surface, facilitating electron extraction and preventing hole recombination. Consequently, it reduces the perovskite’s work function, thus establishing minimal photovoltage and filling factor losses with an efficiency of 25.19%. As analyzed via different theoretical calculations, the strength of this host–guest interlocking even stayed effective in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, the modified devices showed long-term stability under high humidity conditions due to host–guest films’ high hydrophobicity.
Due to the ease of chemisorption of self-assembled molecules on metal oxides, the dipole generation significantly minimizes interface recombination and improves hole extraction at the buried interface in inverted perovskite solar cells. By applying the same technique to the surface of perovskite films to enhance electron extraction and transportation properties, benzamidines are assembled on the surface of perovskite films via a unique host–guest strategy in this study. The ammonium cation, as a guest, interlocks itself in the crown ether’s cavity at the crown ether-treated perovskite films. Experimental characterizations and theoretical analyses show that this tightly bound interlocking self-assembles the benzamidine and creates dipole at the perovskite surface, facilitating electron extraction and preventing hole recombination. Consequently, it reduces the perovskite’s work function, thus establishing minimal photovoltage and filling factor losses with an efficiency of 25.19%. As analyzed via different theoretical calculations, the strength of this host–guest interlocking even stayed effective in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, the modified devices showed long-term stability under high humidity conditions due to host–guest films’ high hydrophobicity.
作者机构：
[Wang, Xinlin; Wang, XL; Chen, Changchang] Univ South China, Coll Mech Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xinlin; Wang, XL; Jiang, Shangting; Chen, Changchang; Yin, Junli] Univ South China, Hunan Prov Key Lab UltraFast Micro Nano Technol &, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Li, Ye; Yin, Junli] Hunan Inst Technol, Hengyang 421002, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Shangting] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Yin, Junli] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Y ] H;[Wang, XL ] U;Univ South China, Coll Mech Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Hunan Prov Key Lab UltraFast Micro Nano Technol &, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Hunan Inst Technol, Hengyang 421002, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Single-phase concentrated solid-solution alloys have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable irradiation resistance properties. In this study, the molecular dynamics method was employed to investigate the collision cascade process in Ni-Fe alloys. The generation and evolution of point defects under uniaxial strain were systematically analyzed for alloys with varying Fe concentrations. It was observed that the peak number of point defects increased under tensile strain but decreased under compressive strain as the uniaxial strain magnitude rose. However, the uniaxial strain exhibited only a minor influence on the surviving number of defects. The calculated formation energies revealed that Fe vacancies possessed higher formation energies compared to Ni vacancies. Consequently, an increase in Fe concentration led to greater participation of Fe atoms in collision cascades, resulting in fewer point defects during the thermal peak stage. Owing to the elevated defect formation energies of Fe relative to Ni, the proportions of Fe vacancies and interstitials in the total point defects were consistently lower than the Fe atomic concentration. These findings indicate that higher Fe concentrations impede the formation of point defects. (c) 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
摘要：
Many thermal processes, described by distributed parameter systems (DPSs), work in a large-scale operation region. In each region, it has special nonlinear dynamics due to specific relative position with heat sources. Achieving a global dynamic model of this kind of processes is extremely difficult due to different local dynamic features. Here, a spatial graphic relation-based spatiotemporal fuzzy modeling method is proposed to reconstruct the model of the large-region DPSs. First, a spectral clustering strategy is developed for region division, where the large-scale spatiotemporal region is divided into several local regions. For each local region, the spatial basis functions (SBFs) are extracted to represent the energy exchange on space. To reflect the global spatial feature, an incremental fuzzy fusion approach is designed and integrates these SBFs to form a global spatial function. Then, the temporal dynamics is obtained by projecting the spatiotemporal data on this global spatial function and characterized by a fuzzy model. Integrating the global spatial function and temporal model, the spatiotemporal model is constructed for the process with large-scale operation region. Using theoretical analysis and experiment, modeling ability of the proposed model is demonstrated effectively.
Many thermal processes, described by distributed parameter systems (DPSs), work in a large-scale operation region. In each region, it has special nonlinear dynamics due to specific relative position with heat sources. Achieving a global dynamic model of this kind of processes is extremely difficult due to different local dynamic features. Here, a spatial graphic relation-based spatiotemporal fuzzy modeling method is proposed to reconstruct the model of the large-region DPSs. First, a spectral clustering strategy is developed for region division, where the large-scale spatiotemporal region is divided into several local regions. For each local region, the spatial basis functions (SBFs) are extracted to represent the energy exchange on space. To reflect the global spatial feature, an incremental fuzzy fusion approach is designed and integrates these SBFs to form a global spatial function. Then, the temporal dynamics is obtained by projecting the spatiotemporal data on this global spatial function and characterized by a fuzzy model. Integrating the global spatial function and temporal model, the spatiotemporal model is constructed for the process with large-scale operation region. Using theoretical analysis and experiment, modeling ability of the proposed model is demonstrated effectively.
会议名称：
AAAI'25/IAAI'25/EAAI'25: Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Thirty-Seventh Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Fifteenth Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence
会议地点：
Philadelphia, PA
会议主办单位：
[Chen, Xiaolei;Yan, Junchi] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai, Peoples R China.^[Chen, Xiaolei;Yan, Junchi] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept CSE, Shanghai, Peoples R China.^[Chen, Xiaolei;Yan, Junchi] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, MoE Lab AI, Shanghai, Peoples R China.^[Chen, Xiaolei;Liao, Wenlong;He, Tao;Peng, Pai] COWAROBOT Co Ltd, Wuhu, Peoples R China.^[He, Tao] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Motion planning is a critical module in autonomous driving, with the primary challenge of uncertainty caused by interactions with other participants. As most previous methods treat prediction and planning as separate tasks, it is difficult to model these interactions. Furthermore, since the route path navigates ego vehicles to a predefined destination, it provides relatively stable intentions for ego vehicles and helps constrain uncertainty. On this basis, we construct Int2Planner, an Intention-based Integrated motion Planner achieves multi-modal planning and prediction. Instead of static intention points, Int2Planner utilizes route intention points for ego vehicles and generates corresponding planning trajectories for each intention point to facilitate multi-modal planning. The experiments on the private dataset and the public nuPlan benchmark show the effectiveness of route intention points, and Int2Planner achieves state-of-the-art performance. We also deploy it in real-world vehicles and have conducted autonomous driving for hundreds of kilometers in urban areas. It further verifies that Int2Planner can continuously interact with the traffic environment. Code and Datasets - https://github.com/cxlz/Int2Planner
作者机构：
[Cui Yu] Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, China;[Dan Du] Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, China;[Xiaohui Gao] Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, China;[Sheng Deng] Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heifei, China
会议名称：
2025 4th International Conference on New Energy System and Power Engineering (NESP)
会议时间：
25 April 2025
会议地点：
Fuzhou, China
会议论文集名称：
2025 4th International Conference on New Energy System and Power Engineering (NESP)
摘要：
This paper investigates the characteristics of helicon wave current drive (HCD) on the high-field-side and low-field-side of a spherical tokamak through numerical simulations. The simulations are based on the equilibrium configuration of the EXL-50U device, analyzing the current drive efficiency under different frequency, temperature, and density conditions. The results show that a helicon wave at 350 MHz can drive a significant current under the given temperature and density distribution. Under low-density conditions, the low-field-side HCD outperforms the high-field-side. However, as the electron density increases, the advantage of high-field-side HCD gradually emerges. Increasing the electron temperature is also beneficial for enhancing the total driven current. Additionally, although the driven current from the high-field-side injection is smaller, the radial current distribution is broader and shifts towards the plasma edge, which provides new insights for localized current drive control. This study offers theoretical support for the experimental design and optimization of helicon wave current drive in spherical tokamaks.
作者机构：
[Shen, Xiangyu; Sun, Ruoxi; Xiong, Shilong; Ou, Meihong; Lai, Hanjian; He, Feng; Wang, Yunpeng; Memon, Waqar Ali] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Shenzhen Grubbs Inst, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Shen, Xiangyu; Sun, Ruoxi; Xiong, Shilong; Ou, Meihong; Lai, Hanjian; He, Feng; Wang, Yunpeng; Memon, Waqar Ali] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Lai, Hanjian] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Nan] South China Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China.;[He, Feng] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Catalysis, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[He, F ] S;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Shenzhen Grubbs Inst, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
关键词：
it-bridge;Dimer;Acceptor;Stability;Organic solar cell
摘要：
The selection of suitable functional π-bridges is crucial for enhancing the performance of dimerized small molecular acceptors (DSMAs). In this work, we synthesized three DSMAs incorporating different π-bridges (DTY-V with a vinyl linker, DTY-A with an acetylene linker, and DTY-T with a thiophene linker), and investigated how π-bridge modifications influence their photovoltaic performance. Among them, DTY-A demonstrated the strongest light absorption, compact intermolecular packing, and the best donor-acceptor miscibility. These characteristics facilitated more efficient exciton dissociation and enhanced electron transport pathways within the active layer, leading to simultaneous improvements in both current density and fill factor. As a result, the quasiplanar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) device based on D18:DTY-A achieved an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.30% along with excellent illumination stability, retaining over 85% of its initial efficiency after 1600 hours of light exposure. This study systematically compares the effects of three commonly used functional π-bridges on photovoltaic performance, providing valuable insights for the future design and optimization of dimerized acceptor molecular frameworks.
The selection of suitable functional π-bridges is crucial for enhancing the performance of dimerized small molecular acceptors (DSMAs). In this work, we synthesized three DSMAs incorporating different π-bridges (DTY-V with a vinyl linker, DTY-A with an acetylene linker, and DTY-T with a thiophene linker), and investigated how π-bridge modifications influence their photovoltaic performance. Among them, DTY-A demonstrated the strongest light absorption, compact intermolecular packing, and the best donor-acceptor miscibility. These characteristics facilitated more efficient exciton dissociation and enhanced electron transport pathways within the active layer, leading to simultaneous improvements in both current density and fill factor. As a result, the quasiplanar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) device based on D18:DTY-A achieved an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.30% along with excellent illumination stability, retaining over 85% of its initial efficiency after 1600 hours of light exposure. This study systematically compares the effects of three commonly used functional π-bridges on photovoltaic performance, providing valuable insights for the future design and optimization of dimerized acceptor molecular frameworks.
期刊：
Energy & Environmental Science,2025年18(2):874-883 ISSN：1754-5692
通讯作者：
Zhang, Yong;Wang, Xingzhu;Xu, BM;Wang, XZ
作者机构：
[Xu, Baomin; Wu, Jiawen; Du, Yifan; Wang, Xingzhu; Jiang, Bo; Li, Zhitong; Liu, Zhixin; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Deng; Wang, XZ; Peng, Wenbo; Xu, Yintai; Zhu, Peide; Lei, Xia; Zeng, Jie] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Baomin; Wu, Jiawen; Du, Yifan; Wang, Xingzhu; Jiang, Bo; Liu, Zhixin; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Deng; Wang, XZ; Peng, Wenbo; Zhu, Peide; Zeng, Jie] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Key Univ Lab Highly Efficient Utilizat Solar Energ, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xingzhu; Wang, XZ; Zhou, Xianyong] Univ South China, Engn & Res Ctr Integrated New Energy Photovolta &, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xingzhu; Wang, XZ; Zhou, Xianyong] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Deng; Zeng, Jie] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, BM ; Zhang, Y; Wang, XZ] S;[Wang, XZ ] U;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Key Univ Lab Highly Efficient Utilizat Solar Energ, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Engn & Res Ctr Integrated New Energy Photovolta &, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Optimization of buried interfaces is crucial for achieving high efficiency in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to their role in facilitating hole transport and passivating the buried interface defects. While self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are commonly employed for this purpose, the inherent limitations of single SAMs, such as fixed material structure and energy levels, hinder their adaptability and further efficiency enhancement across diverse compositions. In this study, we present an effective strategy of blending with SAMs with varying dipole moments to modulate the energy levels and hole transport properties, leading to enhanced charge transport characteristics and suppression of energy losses at buried interfaces. The intrinsic mechanisms of energy level modulation on the device performance are further investigated through theoretical simulations. Ultimately, small-area (0.0736 cm 2 ) inverted PSCs with a 1.56 eV bandgap achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.28% (certified efficiency of 25.80%), while large-area devices (1.1 cm 2 ) demonstrate an efficiency of 24.65%. Moreover, the energy-level-tunable SAM materials exhibit applicability across various PSCs with different preparation methods and bandgaps, achieving efficiencies of 24.44% for anti-solvent-free (1.56 eV) and 19.03% for wide-bandgap (1.85 eV) perovskite solar cells, respectively. Notably, devices employing these SAM materials demonstrate excellent photostability, maintaining over 95% of initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation at the maximum power point (MPP).
