摘要：
High-concentration erbium-doped WSe 2 monolayer (7.2 at%) is synthesized via in-situ CVD, enabling electric-field-tunable photoluminescence (PL) with enhanced quantum efficiency. Structural characterization results verify the homogeneous incorporation of Er 3+ into the host WSe 2 , while gate-controlled devices reveal bidirectional modulation of up/down-conversion PL. The material exhibits broadband emission from UV to visible and near-infrared under 980 nm excitation, and a distinct 780 nm visible peak under 532 nm excitation. Vertical electric fields suppress PL under positive bias but boost up-conversion efficiency under negative bias. Through first-principles calculations, this is attributed to field-induced bandgap narrowing and enhanced electron-hole symmetry. These factors together promote radiative recombination. Power-dependent PL confirms stable exciton/trion emission, supporting high-power applications. This synergy of rare-earth doping and field engineering advances tunable optoelectronics, including adaptive photodetectors, bioimaging, and energy-efficient cooling systems.
High-concentration erbium-doped WSe 2 monolayer (7.2 at%) is synthesized via in-situ CVD, enabling electric-field-tunable photoluminescence (PL) with enhanced quantum efficiency. Structural characterization results verify the homogeneous incorporation of Er 3+ into the host WSe 2 , while gate-controlled devices reveal bidirectional modulation of up/down-conversion PL. The material exhibits broadband emission from UV to visible and near-infrared under 980 nm excitation, and a distinct 780 nm visible peak under 532 nm excitation. Vertical electric fields suppress PL under positive bias but boost up-conversion efficiency under negative bias. Through first-principles calculations, this is attributed to field-induced bandgap narrowing and enhanced electron-hole symmetry. These factors together promote radiative recombination. Power-dependent PL confirms stable exciton/trion emission, supporting high-power applications. This synergy of rare-earth doping and field engineering advances tunable optoelectronics, including adaptive photodetectors, bioimaging, and energy-efficient cooling systems.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Yu; Han, Peigang; Shi, Tingshu; Liu, Zhixin; Wang, Junyu; Tang, Zeguo; Zheng, Xiaojian; Xu, Guoqiang; Khan, Danish; Lu, Di; Tang, Jun] Shenzhen Technol Univ, Coll New Mat & New Energies, Lantian Rd 3002, Shenzhen 518118, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Lei; Wang, Xingzhu; Zheng, Xiaojian; Xu, Guoqiang] Univ South China, Engn & Res Ctr Integrated New Energy Photovolta &, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Lei; Wang, Xingzhu; Zheng, Xiaojian; Xu, Guoqiang] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Ahmed, Shehzad] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, China UK Low Carbon Coll, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Wei] Shenzhen Technol Univ, Coll Engn Phys, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, ZX; Khan, D; Tang, ZG ] S;[Wang, XZ ] U;Shenzhen Technol Univ, Coll New Mat & New Energies, Lantian Rd 3002, Shenzhen 518118, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Engn & Res Ctr Integrated New Energy Photovolta &, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
3D/2D perovskite films;Benzamidine;Amorphous passivation;2D passivation;Inverted perovskite solar cells
摘要：
The introduction of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite layers on top of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films enhances the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the electronic effect of the spacer cation and the quality of the 2D capping layer are critical factors in achieving the required results. In this study, we compared two fluorinated salts: 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzamidine hydrochloride (4TF-BA<middle dot>HCl) and 4-fluorobenzamidine hydrochloride (4F-BA<middle dot>HCl) to engineer the 3D/2D perovskite films. Surprisingly, 4F-BA formed a high-performance 3D/2D heterojunction, while 4TF-BA produced an amorphous layer on the perovskite films. Our findings indicate that the balanced intramolecular charge polarization, which leads to effective hydrogen bonding, is more favorable in 4F-BA than in 4TF-BA, promoting the formation of a crystalline 2D perovskite. Nevertheless, 4TF-BA managed to improve efficiency to 24%, surpassing the control device, primarily due to the natural passivation capabilities of benzamidine. Interestingly, the devices based on 4F-BA demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 25% with greater longevity under various storage conditions compared to 4TF-BA-based and the control devices.
期刊：
Dyes and Pigments,2026年244:113120 ISSN：0143-7208
通讯作者：
Xugang Guo
作者机构：
[Yulin Huang; Pan Dai; Dongxu Liang; Jie Chen; Xuejiao Wu; Yifan Yao; Sheng Xie; Zebing Zeng] State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China;[Pingan Chen] School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China;[Xugang Guo] Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Printed Electronics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China;Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China;[Kun Yang] State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China<&wdkj&>Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
通讯机构：
[Xugang Guo] S;Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Printed Electronics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
摘要：
While n-type polymer semiconductors serve as critical components for high-performance organic electronics, their development remains a challenge. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of two strategically engineered imide-amide dual functionalized electron-deficient building blocks, BTI-DPP and TzTI-DPP, by replacing the thiophene rings of the classic 1,4-diketo-3,6-bis(2-thienyl)pyrrolo[3,4- c ]pyrrole (ThDPP) moiety with two electron-deficient imide-functionalized arenes, i.e. bithiophene imide (BTI) and thiazolothienyl imide (TzTI). The integration of BTI/TzTI with the DPP core not only result in much suppressed frontier molecular orbital levels (FMOs), but also forms highly coplanar backbone structures by forming two-fold intramolecular S⋯O noncovalent interactions. Therefore, four donor-acceptor polymers (PBTI-DPP-T, PBTI-DPP-FT, PTzTI-DPP-T and PTzTI-DPP-FT) were successfully prepared based on BTI/TzTI-DPP and exhibited low-lying LUMO energy levels (−3.70 to −3.85 eV) with highly coplanar backbones that locked via multiple S⋯O/S⋯F noncovalent interactions, yielding unipolar n-type charge transport properties with a highest electron mobility of 2.59 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in solution-processed organic thin-film transistors for the PTzTI-DPP-FT which exhibits a higher molecular packing in solid state. This work not only develops two novel imide-amide dual-functionalized n-type building blocks, but also establishes valuable structure−property correlations that will guide the design of high performance n-type polymeric semiconductors.
While n-type polymer semiconductors serve as critical components for high-performance organic electronics, their development remains a challenge. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of two strategically engineered imide-amide dual functionalized electron-deficient building blocks, BTI-DPP and TzTI-DPP, by replacing the thiophene rings of the classic 1,4-diketo-3,6-bis(2-thienyl)pyrrolo[3,4- c ]pyrrole (ThDPP) moiety with two electron-deficient imide-functionalized arenes, i.e. bithiophene imide (BTI) and thiazolothienyl imide (TzTI). The integration of BTI/TzTI with the DPP core not only result in much suppressed frontier molecular orbital levels (FMOs), but also forms highly coplanar backbone structures by forming two-fold intramolecular S⋯O noncovalent interactions. Therefore, four donor-acceptor polymers (PBTI-DPP-T, PBTI-DPP-FT, PTzTI-DPP-T and PTzTI-DPP-FT) were successfully prepared based on BTI/TzTI-DPP and exhibited low-lying LUMO energy levels (−3.70 to −3.85 eV) with highly coplanar backbones that locked via multiple S⋯O/S⋯F noncovalent interactions, yielding unipolar n-type charge transport properties with a highest electron mobility of 2.59 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in solution-processed organic thin-film transistors for the PTzTI-DPP-FT which exhibits a higher molecular packing in solid state. This work not only develops two novel imide-amide dual-functionalized n-type building blocks, but also establishes valuable structure−property correlations that will guide the design of high performance n-type polymeric semiconductors.
摘要：
Single-phase concentrated solid-solution alloys have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable irradiation resistance properties. In this study, the molecular dynamics method was employed to investigate the collision cascade process in Ni-Fe alloys. The generation and evolution of point defects under uniaxial strain were systematically analyzed for alloys with varying Fe concentrations. It was observed that the peak number of point defects increased under tensile strain but decreased under compressive strain as the uniaxial strain magnitude rose. However, the uniaxial strain exhibited only a minor influence on the surviving number of defects. The calculated formation energies revealed that Fe vacancies possessed higher formation energies compared to Ni vacancies. Consequently, an increase in Fe concentration led to greater participation of Fe atoms in collision cascades, resulting in fewer point defects during the thermal peak stage. Owing to the elevated defect formation energies of Fe relative to Ni, the proportions of Fe vacancies and interstitials in the total point defects were consistently lower than the Fe atomic concentration. These findings indicate that higher Fe concentrations impede the formation of point defects. (c) 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
作者：
Zhihao Xie;Jun Chen;Zhongwei Liu;Cheng Zeng;Ziji Ma
作者机构：
[Jun Chen] College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China;[Zhihao Xie; Zhongwei Liu; Ziji Ma] College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China;[Cheng Zeng] School of Electrical Engineering, Nanhua University, Hengyang, China
会议名称：
2025 IEEE 8th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC)
会议时间：
16 May 2025
会议地点：
Changsha, China
会议论文集名称：
2025 IEEE 8th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC)
关键词：
Transmission line defect detection;YOLOv4-Tiny-EL;BN layer fusion;Double-buffer structure;High-parallel operator
摘要：
For the problem of transmission line defect detection, this paper designs the improved YOLOv4-Tiny-EL model and YOLOv4-Tiny-EM model based on YOLOv4-Tiny. Their mean Average Precision (mAP) has increased by 2.31% and 3.53% respectively compared with the original model. To balance detection accuracy and speed, the YOLOv4-Tiny-EL model is selected for deployment in the edge device ZYNQ7020. In the model inference optimization stage, the Batch Normalization (BN) layer fusion method is adopted to reduce the computational load and storage overhead, and a double-buffer structure is designed to improve the data transmission rate. When deploying the model, high-parallel operators are designed to improve the model’s computational efficiency. Experiments show that the hardware accelerator designed in this paper performs well in terms of computing power and energy consumption. Its computing performance reaches 29.16 GOPs, which is 194.4 times that of ARM A9 and 1.67 times that of i5- 1035G1. The energy efficiency ratio is 9.41 GOPs/W, which is 97.01 times that of ARM A9 and 10.12 times that of i5-1035G1. At the same time, this hardware accelerator demonstrates good performance among accelerators of the same type.
作者机构：
[Hao, Yu; Wang, Xiaohua; Yan, Hao; Fang, Xuan; Li, Jinhua; Meng, Qingyue; Wang, Yong; Wang, Dengkui] Changchun Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys, State Key Lab High Power Semicond Lasers, Changchun 130022, Peoples R China.;[Du, Peng] Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Zhai, Shijie] Space Engn Univ, Beijing 101416, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Kai] Aviat Key Lab Sci & Technol Infrared Detector, Luoyang 471099, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fang, X; Wang, Y ] C;[Du, P ] U;Changchun Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys, State Key Lab High Power Semicond Lasers, Changchun 130022, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Strain influences the optical properties of group III–V type-II superlattice (T2SL) materials. The performance of T2SL photodetectors containing InAs/GaSb is strongly affected by strain. Therefore, it is important to develop novel T2SL material systems and study the stress conditions between their epitaxial layers. Herein, the effect of strain on the long-wave infrared emission characteristics of InAs/In x Ga 1−x As y Sb 1−y T2SLs on InAs and GaSb substrates was investigated. Free, compressive, and tensile strains were adjusted by precisely controlling the alloy composition and thickness to realize zero, negative, and positive lattice mismatches, respectively, of T2SLs with InAs and GaSb substrates. The InAs/In x Ga 1−x As y Sb 1−y T2SLs were grown on InAs and GaSb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Raman and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The diffraction and microscopy results indicated that higher crystal quality and better surface morphology were obtained under free strain conditions with zero lattice mismatch on the same type of substrate. Higher crystal quality and better surface morphology were obtained on InAs than GaSb. Power-dependent PL spectra revealed that the luminescence characteristics of the T2SL are dominated by radiative recombination. Temperature-dependent PL spectra showed that the emission intensity of the T2SL on an InAs substrate is greater than that on GaSb. Compared with the T2SLs on GaSb substrates, those on InAs substrates retain strong PL emission intensity at higher temperature under the same strain conditions.
Strain influences the optical properties of group III–V type-II superlattice (T2SL) materials. The performance of T2SL photodetectors containing InAs/GaSb is strongly affected by strain. Therefore, it is important to develop novel T2SL material systems and study the stress conditions between their epitaxial layers. Herein, the effect of strain on the long-wave infrared emission characteristics of InAs/In x Ga 1−x As y Sb 1−y T2SLs on InAs and GaSb substrates was investigated. Free, compressive, and tensile strains were adjusted by precisely controlling the alloy composition and thickness to realize zero, negative, and positive lattice mismatches, respectively, of T2SLs with InAs and GaSb substrates. The InAs/In x Ga 1−x As y Sb 1−y T2SLs were grown on InAs and GaSb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Raman and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The diffraction and microscopy results indicated that higher crystal quality and better surface morphology were obtained under free strain conditions with zero lattice mismatch on the same type of substrate. Higher crystal quality and better surface morphology were obtained on InAs than GaSb. Power-dependent PL spectra revealed that the luminescence characteristics of the T2SL are dominated by radiative recombination. Temperature-dependent PL spectra showed that the emission intensity of the T2SL on an InAs substrate is greater than that on GaSb. Compared with the T2SLs on GaSb substrates, those on InAs substrates retain strong PL emission intensity at higher temperature under the same strain conditions.
摘要：
Hydrogen energy, with its high energy density and diverse application scenarios, is an important part of the renewable energy system. Hydrogen production from water electrolysis technology achieves efficient conversion of hydrogen energy through electrochemical dissociation of water molecules. However, precious metal catalysts (Pt/C, IrO2, etc.) for cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are expensive and scarce. Therefore, recent research focuses on the development of cost-effective non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts. In this work, a heterostructured MoO2/Ni electrocatalysts (NM600) was synthesized via a plasma strategy, demonstrating exceptional HER performance and stability. The electrocatalyst achieves a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) at an ultralow overpotential of 76 mV and exhibits exceptional long-term stability for 163 h in alkaline media, significantly outperforming control samples. The H-2-plasma treatment was pivotal in tailoring interfacial electronic interactions and defect-rich surfaces, which collectively optimize active site exposure and durability. This study establishes heterostructure engineering combined with plasma processing as a transformative approach for designing non-precious metal catalysts, offering a scalable pathway toward high-performance, cost-effective hydrogen production technologies.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Huimin; Zhu, Zhi; Li, Kunjie; Yang, Xinyao; Yang, Chaoyong] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces Dept Chem B, Innovat Lab Sci & Technol Energy Mat Fujian Prov I, Coll Chem & Chem Engn,MOE Key Lab Spectrochem Anal, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Luxuan; Tang, Dongbao; Jia, Zhaoyuan; Tan, Yuyu] Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Ultrafast Micronano Technol & Adv Laser Mfg Key La, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Xiaoyun] Zhonghe Gene Technol Co Ltd, Tianjin 300308, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, HM ] X;[Tan, YY ] U;Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Ultrafast Micronano Technol & Adv Laser Mfg Key La, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces Dept Chem B, Innovat Lab Sci & Technol Energy Mat Fujian Prov I, Coll Chem & Chem Engn,MOE Key Lab Spectrochem Anal, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.
关键词：
DNA information storage;DNA synthesis efficiency;synthetic biology;tetrahedral DNA nanostructure
摘要：
De novo DNA synthesis plays crucial roles in life science. Enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis (EOS) has attracted interest due to longer synthesized chains, simple procedure, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, unlike chemical synthesis dominated by small molecule, the EOS relies on enzyme reacting with primers. It remains challenging due to restricted accessibility caused by the anisotropy of initiator primers and the spatial hindrance of enzymes. Herein, this study developes a nanoscopic interface functioned with 3D DNA framework to achieve efficient EOS. The highly ordered DNA framework - tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDN) provide an ordered upright orientation and reasonable spacing for primers to enhance enzyme accessibility. Compared to single-stranded structures, the TDN scaffold significantly enhances the enzyme's substrate affinity and catalytic reaction kinetics. As for the synthesis of five given patterned sequences, TDN scaffold effectively reduces the occurrence of deletion errors with increasing yield. Finally, efficient TDN-based EOS is employed for DNA information storage by synthesizing a 60-nucletide DNA fragment with a stepwise yield of 96.82%, allowing the accurate retrieval of 15 bytes of text information. The TDN-based EOS paves the way for developing more efficient and accurate DNA synthesis methods, laying a robust foundation for future applications in DNA storage and genetic research.
作者机构：
[Xiang Liu; Bin Yang] School of electrical engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China [email protected]
会议名称：
CIBDA '25: Proceedings of the 2025 6th International Conference on Computer Information and Big Data Applications
摘要：
Multi-Exposure image Fusion (MEF) aims to combine the complementary information in the over-underexposed source image pairs or sequences to obtain a fused image with rich texture details, appropriate brightness, and pleasure visual quality. Existing multi-exposure image fusion networks predominantly employ Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), which exhibit limited capacity in capturing global context information. For this reason, we design a network based on spatial-frequency domain aggregate, named SFANet. In general, the network adopts a U-shape structure. Firstly, we extract different scale of feature maps via down-sampling. Then Spatial-Frequency Aggregation Block (SFAB) is proposed for feature fusion. Specifically, this block consists of three modules: Spatial Fusion Module (SFM), Frequency Fusion Module (FFM), and Spatial-Frequency Fusion Module (SFFM). Specially, SFM is designed to integrate spatial features across different scales and extracts local information from source images, while the FFM leverages the characteristics of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to capture long-term dependencies in the source image. To enhance the interaction between the spatial-frequency domain and to capture complementary information from the source image, we suggest SFFMs. Extensive evaluations show that the proposed method yields competitive fusion results when compared with existing state-of-the-art methods.
期刊：
Energy & Environmental Science,2025年18(2):874-883 ISSN：1754-5692
通讯作者：
Zhang, Yong;Wang, Xingzhu;Xu, BM;Wang, XZ
作者机构：
[Xu, Baomin; Wu, Jiawen; Du, Yifan; Wang, Xingzhu; Jiang, Bo; Li, Zhitong; Liu, Zhixin; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Deng; Wang, XZ; Peng, Wenbo; Xu, Yintai; Zhu, Peide; Lei, Xia; Zeng, Jie] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Baomin; Wu, Jiawen; Du, Yifan; Wang, Xingzhu; Jiang, Bo; Liu, Zhixin; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Deng; Wang, XZ; Peng, Wenbo; Zhu, Peide; Zeng, Jie] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Key Univ Lab Highly Efficient Utilizat Solar Energ, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xingzhu; Wang, XZ; Zhou, Xianyong] Univ South China, Engn & Res Ctr Integrated New Energy Photovolta &, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xingzhu; Wang, XZ; Zhou, Xianyong] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Deng; Zeng, Jie] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, BM ; Zhang, Y; Wang, XZ] S;[Wang, XZ ] U;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Key Univ Lab Highly Efficient Utilizat Solar Energ, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Engn & Res Ctr Integrated New Energy Photovolta &, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Optimization of buried interfaces is crucial for achieving high efficiency in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to their role in facilitating hole transport and passivating the buried interface defects. While self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are commonly employed for this purpose, the inherent limitations of single SAMs, such as fixed material structure and energy levels, hinder their adaptability and further efficiency enhancement across diverse compositions. In this study, we present an effective strategy of blending with SAMs with varying dipole moments to modulate the energy levels and hole transport properties, leading to enhanced charge transport characteristics and suppression of energy losses at buried interfaces. The intrinsic mechanisms of energy level modulation on the device performance are further investigated through theoretical simulations. Ultimately, small-area (0.0736 cm 2 ) inverted PSCs with a 1.56 eV bandgap achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.28% (certified efficiency of 25.80%), while large-area devices (1.1 cm 2 ) demonstrate an efficiency of 24.65%. Moreover, the energy-level-tunable SAM materials exhibit applicability across various PSCs with different preparation methods and bandgaps, achieving efficiencies of 24.44% for anti-solvent-free (1.56 eV) and 19.03% for wide-bandgap (1.85 eV) perovskite solar cells, respectively. Notably, devices employing these SAM materials demonstrate excellent photostability, maintaining over 95% of initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation at the maximum power point (MPP).
摘要：
Tandem solar cells (TSCs) employing wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as the bottom sub-cell represent a leading research direction in photovoltaics. However, the presence of phase segregation, interfacial losses, and crystallization quality within WBG perovskite films can drive complex compositional evolution and non-radiative recombination, leading to photovoltage deficits, fill factor ( FF ) degradation, and impaired charge transport characteristics, which fundamentally limit the attainable high power conversion efficiency. From this perspective, this review presents a systematic optimization framework for high-performance mixed-halide WBG perovskite photovoltaics, addressing critical challenges in mixed-halide WBG PSCs through interfacial, solvent, additive, and composition engineering, along with advanced fabrication techniques. Finally, a comprehensive summary and prospective analysis of future research directions for high-performance mixed-halide WBG perovskite photovoltaics is presented.
期刊：
Journal of the Franklin Institute,2025年362(1):107397 ISSN：0016-0032
通讯作者：
Wang, H
作者机构：
[Nie, Liang] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Hui] Liaocheng Univ, Sch Math Sci, Liaocheng 252000, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Yichong] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Multiscale Med Robot Ctr, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, H ] L;Liaocheng Univ, Sch Math Sci, Liaocheng 252000, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In this paper, a switched linear parameter-varying (LPV) resilient tracking controller is designed for rigid-body under actuator faults, uncertainties in measurement of scheduling parameters and time-delay in detection of system modes. The nonlinear attitude dynamics of rigid-body is constructed as a switched LPV system in which persistent dwell-time switching rule is used to regulate the switches caused by abrupt and intermittent actuator failures. Thereafter, by constructing a class of both parameter-dependent and time-dependent multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs), a switched LPV resilient tracking controller is developed in order that the global uniform exponential stability and desired L∞ performance of the underlying system are achieved even with uncertain scheduling parameters, mismatched modes and persistent external disturbances. Furthermore, the nonconvex conditions of control synthesis are converted into parameterized linear matrix inequalities that can be readily resolved via gridding technique. Finally, the availability of the provided approach is evaluated with a numerical simulation.
In this paper, a switched linear parameter-varying (LPV) resilient tracking controller is designed for rigid-body under actuator faults, uncertainties in measurement of scheduling parameters and time-delay in detection of system modes. The nonlinear attitude dynamics of rigid-body is constructed as a switched LPV system in which persistent dwell-time switching rule is used to regulate the switches caused by abrupt and intermittent actuator failures. Thereafter, by constructing a class of both parameter-dependent and time-dependent multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs), a switched LPV resilient tracking controller is developed in order that the global uniform exponential stability and desired L∞ performance of the underlying system are achieved even with uncertain scheduling parameters, mismatched modes and persistent external disturbances. Furthermore, the nonconvex conditions of control synthesis are converted into parameterized linear matrix inequalities that can be readily resolved via gridding technique. Finally, the availability of the provided approach is evaluated with a numerical simulation.
通讯机构：
[Lü, B ; Zhang, HM] C;[Xiao, JF ] U;Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Hefei Inst Phys Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Sci Isl Branch, Grad Sch, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.
关键词：
近红外光谱, 异常光谱剔除, 马氏距离, 正态分布筛选法, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Abnormal spectrum removal, Mahalanobis distance, Normal distribution screening method
摘要：
在发酵过程的近红外在线检测中，由于发酵液中需要持续通入氧气来促进微生物的生长和代谢活动，常会在发酵液中产生气泡。发酵液中的气泡经过探头前方时，会对近红外光谱的强度产生较大干扰。为了剔除发酵液近红外在线检测过程中采集到的气泡引起的异常光谱，减少光谱波动，提出了一种正态分布筛选方法。制备了600 g质量分数为10%的葡萄糖溶液，每隔30 s加2 g葡萄糖溶液至盛有600 mL蒸馏水的反应釜中，搅拌均匀，然后计算和记录反应釜内葡萄糖溶液的质量分数，并在反应釜底部通入氧气产生气泡，利用近红外光谱仪采集反应釜内葡萄糖溶液的近红外光谱。分别采用主成分分析（principal component analysis, PCA）结合马氏距离法，欧氏距离法，孤立森林，正态分布筛选法对受到气泡影响的异常光谱剔除后，将光谱样本集按照4∶1的比例随机划分为校正集和预测集，随后经过光谱预处理，利用偏最小二乘法（partial least squares, PLS）对校正集建立葡萄糖溶液浓度预测模型，并用建立的PLS模型对预测集进行预测。通过校正集相关系数，校正集均方根误差，以及预测集的相关系数和均方根误差进行对比分析。采用四种方法剔除受到气泡影响的异常光谱后，所建模型结果如下，PCA结合马氏距离法剔除异常光谱后得到的校正集相关系数 R c 2 为0.998 208，均方根误差RMSECV为0.000 764，预测集相关系数 R p 2 为0.997 994，均方根误差RMSEP为0.000 764；欧式距离法剔除异常光谱后得到的校正集 R c 2 为0.998 628，均方根误差RMSECV为0.000 652，预测集相关系数 R p 2 为0.998 628，均方根误差RMSEP为0.000 655；孤立森林剔除异常光谱后得到的校正集 R c 2 为0.998 255，RMSECV为0.000 739，预测集 R p 2 为0.998 132，RMSEP为0.000 740；正态分布筛选方法剔除异常光谱后得到的校正集 R c 2 为0.998 641，均方根误差RMSECV为0.000 645，预测集 R p 2 为0.998 628，RMSEP为0.000 636。结果表明：对比四种方法，采用正态分布筛选方法能有效减少光谱强度的波动，剔除异常光谱较其他方法效果更佳。 In the near-infrared online detection of the fermentation process, bubbles are often generated in the fermentation broth due to the need to continuously pass oxygen into the fermentation broth to promote microbial growth and metabolic activities. When the bubbles in the fermentation broth pass in front of the probe, they will interfere with the intensity of the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. To eliminate the abnormal spectra caused by bubbles collected during the near-infrared online detection of fermentation broth and reduce spectral fluctuations, a normal distribution screening method is proposed in this study. In this study, 600 g of glucose solution with a mass fraction of 10% was prepared, adding 2 g of glucose solution to a reactor containing 600 mL of distilled water every 30 s, stirring well, then calculating and recording the mass fraction of glucose solution in the reactor, and generating bubbles by passing oxygen to the bottom of the reactor, and collecting the NIR spectra of the glucose solution in the reactor by using NIR spectrometer, respectively. After the anomalous spectra affected by the air bubbles were excluded by principal component analysis (PCA) combined with Mahalanobis distance method, Euclidean distance method, isolated forest, and normal distribution screening method, the sample set of spectra was randomly divided into the correction set and the prediction set according to the ratio of 4∶1, and then, after the spectral pre-processing, the glucose concentration prediction model was established for the correction set using the partial least squares method (PLSR) and the prediction set was analyzed by the established PLSR model. The correlation coefficient of the correction set, the root mean square error of the correction set, and the correlation coefficient and root mean square error of the prediction set were compared and analyzed. The results of the constructed model after removing the anomalous spectra affected by bubbles using the four methods are as follows: the correlation coefficient R c 2 of the correction set obtained after removing the anomalous spectra by PCA combined with the Mahalanobis Distance Method is 0.998 208, and the root-mean-square error RMSECV is 0.000 764, and the correlation coefficient R p 2 of the prediction set is 0.997 994, and the root mean square error RMSEP is 0.000 764; The correction set R c 2 obtained after removing the anomalous spectra by the Euclidean distance method is 0.998 628, the root mean square error RMSECV is 0.000 652, the prediction set correlation coefficient R p 2 is 0.998 628, and the root mean square error RMSEP is 0.000 655; the correction set R c 2 obtained after removing the anomalous spectra by the isolated forest method is 0.998 255, the RMSECV is 0.000 739, the prediction set R p 2 is 0.998 132, and the RMSEP is 0.000 740; the correction set R c 2 obtained after the removal of anomalous spectra by the normal distribution screening method is 0.998 641, with a root mean square error RMSECV of 0.000 645, and the prediction set R p 2 is 0.998 628, with a RMSEP of 0.000 636. Comparing the four methods, the normal distribution screening method can effectively reduce the fluctuation of spectral intensity and eliminate abnormal spectra more effectively than other methods.
作者机构：
[Peng, Wenbo; Xu, Baomin; He, Siru; Zhu, Peide; Wang, Xingzhu; Yuan, Huimin; Wang, XZ] Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Wenbo; Xu, Baomin; He, Siru; Zhu, Peide; Wang, Xingzhu; Yuan, Huimin; Wang, XZ] SUSTech Energy Inst Carbon Neutral, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Yuejiao] Cent South Univ, State Key Lab Power Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xingzhu; Wang, XZ] Shenzhen Putai Technol Co Ltd, Shenzhen 518110, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xingzhu; Wang, XZ] Univ South China, Engn & Res Ctr Integrated New Energy Photovolta &, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, BM ; Wang, XZ] D;[Wang, XZ ] S;Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;SUSTech Energy Inst Carbon Neutral, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Shenzhen Putai Technol Co Ltd, Shenzhen 518110, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Nonflammable;Capsule-like solvation sheaths electrolyte;Anions-derived SEI;Lithium metal batteries
摘要：
The localized high-concentration electrolyte can be achieved by diluting a high-concentration electrolyte with an anti-solvent, which inherits the original solvation structural characteristics and reduces harmful interfacial reactions, resulting in an electrolyte with unique functions suitable for lithium metal batteries. Here, we design a localized high-concentration electrolyte with a capsule-like solvation structure and non-flammable properties to obtain stable-cycle and safe lithium metal batteries. The weak coordination and dipole-dipole interactions of fluorinated ether molecules promote the self-assembly of capsule-like solvated sheaths, encapsulating cations/anions and polar solvent molecules within the solvation sheath, which improves the oxidative stability of the electrolyte system and promotes the reduction of anions. A high-quality solid electrolyte layer was derived at the electrode interfaces, leading to rapid Li+ transport and dendrite-free lithium deposition. Consequently, a Coulombic efficiency of 99.7 % is achieved, and the assembled Li||NCM811 battery exhibits a long cycle life of more than 400 cycles at 0.5C with a capacity retention of 83 %. This work provides a promising approach for developing non-flammable electrolytes suitable for high-voltage lithium metal batteries.
The localized high-concentration electrolyte can be achieved by diluting a high-concentration electrolyte with an anti-solvent, which inherits the original solvation structural characteristics and reduces harmful interfacial reactions, resulting in an electrolyte with unique functions suitable for lithium metal batteries. Here, we design a localized high-concentration electrolyte with a capsule-like solvation structure and non-flammable properties to obtain stable-cycle and safe lithium metal batteries. The weak coordination and dipole-dipole interactions of fluorinated ether molecules promote the self-assembly of capsule-like solvated sheaths, encapsulating cations/anions and polar solvent molecules within the solvation sheath, which improves the oxidative stability of the electrolyte system and promotes the reduction of anions. A high-quality solid electrolyte layer was derived at the electrode interfaces, leading to rapid Li+ transport and dendrite-free lithium deposition. Consequently, a Coulombic efficiency of 99.7 % is achieved, and the assembled Li||NCM811 battery exhibits a long cycle life of more than 400 cycles at 0.5C with a capacity retention of 83 %. This work provides a promising approach for developing non-flammable electrolytes suitable for high-voltage lithium metal batteries.
作者机构：
[Yang, Bin; Tan, Binxi] Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, B ] U;Univ South China, Coll Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Transformer;deep learning;image fusion;infrared image;multiscale features
摘要：
The aim of infrared and visible image fusion is to produce a composite image that can highlight the infrared targets and maintain plentiful detailed textures simultaneously. Despite the promising fusion performance of current deep-learning-based algorithms, most fusion algorithms highly depend on convolution operations, which limits their capability to represent long-range contextual information. To overcome this challenge, we design a novel infrared and visible image fusion network based on Res2Net and multiscale Transformer, called RMTFuse. Specifically, we devise a local feature extraction module based on Res2Net (LFE-RN) in which dense connections are adopted to reuse the information that might be lost in convolution operation and a global feature extraction module based on multiscale Transformer (GFE-MT) which is composed of a Transformer module and a global feature integration module (GFIM). The Transformer module extracts the coarse-to-fine semantic features of the source images, while GFIM is used to further aggregate the hierarchical features to strengthen contextual feature representations. Furthermore, we employ the pre-trained VGG-16 network to compute the loss of features with different depths. Massive experiments on mainstream datasets indicate that RMTFuse is superior to the state-of-the-art methods in both subjective and objective assessments.
摘要：
Industrial-scale roll-to-roll processing of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) requires photoactive layers ≥300 nm for manufacturability and mechanical robustness, yet state-of-the-art high-efficiency systems remain confined to 80-120 nm due to intrinsic exciton diffusion and charge transport limitations. To resolve this fundamental thickness-efficiency trade-off, monolayer MnPS(3) nanosheet (1-2 nm) via liquid-phase exfoliation are engineered to extend exciton diffusion lengths and out-of-plane charge mobility, as validated through multimodal characterization. The optimized PM6:Y6:MnPS(3)system achieves record efficiencies of 19.53% (100 nm) and 18.41% (300 nm), demonstrating unprecedented 94.3% thickness tolerance and setting the highest reported retention for thick-film (>300 nm) OPVs. Universal applicability is evidenced through 20.45%/19.70% (D18-Cl:L8-BO system) and 20.41%/19.62% (D18:L8-BO system) efficiencies at 100/300 nm, outperforming state-of-the-art thick-film devices. This monolayer MnPS(3) nanosheet integration paradigm establishes a general design rule for thickness-insensitive organic semiconductors, overcoming the critical photon harvesting-charge extraction dichotomy in industrial-scale OPV manufacturing.
期刊：
Nuclear Engineering and Design,2025年433:113872 ISSN：0029-5493
通讯作者：
Liu, HL
作者机构：
[Liu, Hongliang; Ouyang, Zigen; Liu, Wangheng] Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Wenjie] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Hua] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, HL ] U;Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Adaptive learning observer;Radial basis function neural networks;Fixed-time fault-tolerant control;Control rod drive mechanism faults;Load following for modular high-temperature;gas-cooled reactor
摘要：
Load following of the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) under Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) faults and disturbances remains a major challenge. This paper focuses on proposing a fixed-time fault-tolerant control method for this issue without considering the sensitivities associated with parameter setting. Firstly, to reconstruct some unmeasurable states of the MHTGR and the values of CRDM faults, an adaptive learning observer is established. Based on the learning characteristic of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN), the lumped uncertainties can be approximated. And then a fixed-time fault-tolerant controller is developed to ensure that the actual load output of the MHTGR actually tracks the expected output power within a fixed time, which can be determined through the system and controller parameters. Finally, simulations under two operational conditions demonstrate the control method is effective and feasible to the MHTGR system under disturbance and CRDM faults.
Load following of the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) under Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) faults and disturbances remains a major challenge. This paper focuses on proposing a fixed-time fault-tolerant control method for this issue without considering the sensitivities associated with parameter setting. Firstly, to reconstruct some unmeasurable states of the MHTGR and the values of CRDM faults, an adaptive learning observer is established. Based on the learning characteristic of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN), the lumped uncertainties can be approximated. And then a fixed-time fault-tolerant controller is developed to ensure that the actual load output of the MHTGR actually tracks the expected output power within a fixed time, which can be determined through the system and controller parameters. Finally, simulations under two operational conditions demonstrate the control method is effective and feasible to the MHTGR system under disturbance and CRDM faults.
摘要：
Many thermal processes, described by distributed parameter systems (DPSs), work in a large-scale operation region. In each region, it has special nonlinear dynamics due to specific relative position with heat sources. Achieving a global dynamic model of this kind of processes is extremely difficult due to different local dynamic features. Here, a spatial graphic relation-based spatiotemporal fuzzy modeling method is proposed to reconstruct the model of the large-region DPSs. First, a spectral clustering strategy is developed for region division, where the large-scale spatiotemporal region is divided into several local regions. For each local region, the spatial basis functions (SBFs) are extracted to represent the energy exchange on space. To reflect the global spatial feature, an incremental fuzzy fusion approach is designed and integrates these SBFs to form a global spatial function. Then, the temporal dynamics is obtained by projecting the spatiotemporal data on this global spatial function and characterized by a fuzzy model. Integrating the global spatial function and temporal model, the spatiotemporal model is constructed for the process with large-scale operation region. Using theoretical analysis and experiment, modeling ability of the proposed model is demonstrated effectively.
Many thermal processes, described by distributed parameter systems (DPSs), work in a large-scale operation region. In each region, it has special nonlinear dynamics due to specific relative position with heat sources. Achieving a global dynamic model of this kind of processes is extremely difficult due to different local dynamic features. Here, a spatial graphic relation-based spatiotemporal fuzzy modeling method is proposed to reconstruct the model of the large-region DPSs. First, a spectral clustering strategy is developed for region division, where the large-scale spatiotemporal region is divided into several local regions. For each local region, the spatial basis functions (SBFs) are extracted to represent the energy exchange on space. To reflect the global spatial feature, an incremental fuzzy fusion approach is designed and integrates these SBFs to form a global spatial function. Then, the temporal dynamics is obtained by projecting the spatiotemporal data on this global spatial function and characterized by a fuzzy model. Integrating the global spatial function and temporal model, the spatiotemporal model is constructed for the process with large-scale operation region. Using theoretical analysis and experiment, modeling ability of the proposed model is demonstrated effectively.
期刊：
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY,2025年180:111544 ISSN：0030-3992
通讯作者：
Li, Y
作者机构：
[Luo, Xiao-Qing; Lu, Zhendong; Chen, Sha; Zhou, Yaojie; Liu, Qinke] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yan] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Liu, W. M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Y ] U;Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
All-dielectric metasurface;Bound states in the continuum;Refractive index sensing
摘要：
The quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) have drawn increasing attention in optical metasurfaces derived from their ultrahigh quality factors, and show the utility to enhance the sensitivity of optical sensing. However, conventional single-resonance sensing may be inaccurate and unreliable, and then the dual-resonance sensing governed by the coupled QBIC is desired but remains elusive. Here, we show that the coupled QBIC modes can be leveraged to unfold dual-resonance refractive index sensing in the hybrid all-dielectric metasurface. Specifically, it is revealed that the toroidal dipole mode can be realized with strong electric field enhancement, enabling the implementation of anapole mode in the telecom short-wavelength band (1460–1530 nm). Under different linearly polarized illuminations, the dual symmetry-protected QBIC modes dominated by the electric quadrupole resonance can be fulfilled in the telecom extended-wavelength band (1360–1460 nm). Within this framework, the polarization-dependent dual symmetry-protected QBIC modes selectively coupled with the toroidal dipole mode or the anapole mode can not only uncover the transformation from Fano resonance to analog of electromagnetically induced transparency, but also manifest two types of high-sensitivity dual-resonance refractive index sensing in the telecom extended-wavelength and short-wavelength bands. The dual-resonance refractive index sensing can also be extended to telecom long-wavelength band (1565–1625 nm) and ultra-long-wavelength band (1625–1675 nm) with enhanced sensitivity. These results offer exploration potential for multi-channel sensing, optical modulators, and slow-light devices.
The quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) have drawn increasing attention in optical metasurfaces derived from their ultrahigh quality factors, and show the utility to enhance the sensitivity of optical sensing. However, conventional single-resonance sensing may be inaccurate and unreliable, and then the dual-resonance sensing governed by the coupled QBIC is desired but remains elusive. Here, we show that the coupled QBIC modes can be leveraged to unfold dual-resonance refractive index sensing in the hybrid all-dielectric metasurface. Specifically, it is revealed that the toroidal dipole mode can be realized with strong electric field enhancement, enabling the implementation of anapole mode in the telecom short-wavelength band (1460–1530 nm). Under different linearly polarized illuminations, the dual symmetry-protected QBIC modes dominated by the electric quadrupole resonance can be fulfilled in the telecom extended-wavelength band (1360–1460 nm). Within this framework, the polarization-dependent dual symmetry-protected QBIC modes selectively coupled with the toroidal dipole mode or the anapole mode can not only uncover the transformation from Fano resonance to analog of electromagnetically induced transparency, but also manifest two types of high-sensitivity dual-resonance refractive index sensing in the telecom extended-wavelength and short-wavelength bands. The dual-resonance refractive index sensing can also be extended to telecom long-wavelength band (1565–1625 nm) and ultra-long-wavelength band (1625–1675 nm) with enhanced sensitivity. These results offer exploration potential for multi-channel sensing, optical modulators, and slow-light devices.
作者机构：
[Shen, Xiangyu; Sun, Ruoxi; Xiong, Shilong; Ou, Meihong; Lai, Hanjian; He, Feng; Wang, Yunpeng; Memon, Waqar Ali] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Shenzhen Grubbs Inst, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Shen, Xiangyu; Sun, Ruoxi; Xiong, Shilong; Ou, Meihong; Lai, Hanjian; He, Feng; Wang, Yunpeng; Memon, Waqar Ali] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Lai, Hanjian] Univ South China, Sch Elect Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Nan] South China Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China.;[He, Feng] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Catalysis, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[He, F ] S;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Shenzhen Grubbs Inst, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
关键词：
it-bridge;Dimer;Acceptor;Stability;Organic solar cell
摘要：
The selection of suitable functional π-bridges is crucial for enhancing the performance of dimerized small molecular acceptors (DSMAs). In this work, we synthesized three DSMAs incorporating different π-bridges (DTY-V with a vinyl linker, DTY-A with an acetylene linker, and DTY-T with a thiophene linker), and investigated how π-bridge modifications influence their photovoltaic performance . Among them, DTY-A demonstrated the strongest light absorption , compact intermolecular packing, and the best donor-acceptor miscibility. These characteristics facilitated more efficient exciton dissociation and enhanced electron transport pathways within the active layer, leading to simultaneous improvements in both current density and fill factor. As a result, the quasiplanar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) device based on D18:DTY-A achieved an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.30 % along with excellent illumination stability, retaining over 85 % of its initial efficiency after 1600 hours of light exposure. This study systematically compares the effects of three commonly used functional π-bridges on photovoltaic performance, providing valuable insights for the future design and optimization of dimerized acceptor molecular frameworks.
The selection of suitable functional π-bridges is crucial for enhancing the performance of dimerized small molecular acceptors (DSMAs). In this work, we synthesized three DSMAs incorporating different π-bridges (DTY-V with a vinyl linker, DTY-A with an acetylene linker, and DTY-T with a thiophene linker), and investigated how π-bridge modifications influence their photovoltaic performance . Among them, DTY-A demonstrated the strongest light absorption , compact intermolecular packing, and the best donor-acceptor miscibility. These characteristics facilitated more efficient exciton dissociation and enhanced electron transport pathways within the active layer, leading to simultaneous improvements in both current density and fill factor. As a result, the quasiplanar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) device based on D18:DTY-A achieved an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.30 % along with excellent illumination stability, retaining over 85 % of its initial efficiency after 1600 hours of light exposure. This study systematically compares the effects of three commonly used functional π-bridges on photovoltaic performance, providing valuable insights for the future design and optimization of dimerized acceptor molecular frameworks.
