摘要：
IntroductionThe interaction between endothelial cells can regulate hemostasis, vasodilation, as well as immune and inflammatory responses. Excessive loading on the endothelial cells leads to endothelial damage and endothelial barrier dysfunction. Understanding and mastering the dynamic nature of cell-cell rupture plays a crucial role in exploring the practical applications related to tumor destruction, vascular remodeling, and drug delivery by employing cavitation-induced damage to soft tissues.MethodsTo investigate the damage mechanisms of endothelial cellular networks under ultrasound cavitation, we developed a model of junction rupture in cellular networks based on the assumption that the process of intercellular rupture is irreversible when ultrasound-mediated forces exceed the damage threshold, whereas intercellular junctions have reversible behavior before rupture. Simulations using the strain accumulation method show that stress and strain exhibit complex nonlinear dynamic behavior. Ultrasonic cavitation damage was tested and evaluated on human umbilical vein endothelial cells.ResultsThe results indicated that the cellular network damage was positively correlated with force amplitude and pulse frequency and was negatively correlated with driving frequency. The time lag and the internal force of cellular junctions have an important influence on the resistance to damage of the cellular network due to external forces. The damage experiment based on ultrasonic cavitation confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed model.ConclusionsThe model provided a platform for understanding the damage mechanism of endothelial tissues and ultimately improving options for their prevention and treatment.
期刊：
Physics of Fluids,2024年36(5):051912 ISSN：1070-6631
通讯作者：
Qian, SY;Hu, JW
作者机构：
[Qian, Shengyou; Li, Ang; Lei, Weirui; Qian, SY; Zou, Xiao] Hunan Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Kun] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Hu, JW; Hu, Jiwen] Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hu, JW ] U;[Qian, SY ] H;Hunan Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Ultrasonic cavitation can damage surrounding material and be used for destruction of the target tissue. In this paper, we investigated the interaction between atherosclerotic plaque (AP) and cavitation bubbles to determine whether the mechanical effect of cavitation damage could be potentially useful in therapy for treating atherosclerotic plaques. A two-bubble-fluid-solid model was established to study the dynamic behavior of bubbles near the AP and the AP damage by ultrasound-induced cavitation. A low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) transducer was used for testing cavitation-based AP damage. We found that the nonlinear oscillation of bubbles causes the relative positions of the bubbles to shift, either toward or away from one another, these phenomena lead to changes in the bond failure rate between the fiber bundles, and the value of BRF exhibits an upward trend, this is the reason why the fibers suffered from reversible stretching and compressing. However, the AP damage is irreversible and diminishes as the number of cycles in the ultrasonic burst. It appears that the bigger the radii, regardless of whether the bubble (3 - i)'s and bubble i's radii are equal, the greater the AP damage. Ultrasonic cavitation therapy may not be appropriate for advanced AP patients, and the calcified tissue has a greater impact on the stability of the plaque. The damage area should be strictly selected. Additionally, the tissue damage phenomenon was found in experimental results. This work shows that the severity of AP damage is correlated with acoustic parameters and the surrounding environment from both simulation and experimental perspectives. The results show that ultrasonic cavitation may provide a new choice for the treatment of AP.
作者机构：
[Qian, Shengyou; Zou, Xiao; Chang, Shuai; Tian, Feng; Lei, Weirui; Qian, SY] Hunan Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.;[Hu, JW; Hu, Jiwen] Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hu, JW ] U;[Zou, X; Qian, SY ] H;Hunan Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Blood–brain barrier;Drug delivery;Finite element method (FEM);Multiple bubbles
摘要：
Experimental studies have shown that ultrasonic cavitation can reversibly open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to assist drug delivery. Nevertheless, the majority of the present study focused on experimental aspects of BBB opening. In this study, we developed a three-bubble-liquid-solid model to investigate the dynamic behavior of multiple bubbles within the blood vessels, and elucidate the physical mechanism of drug molecules through endothelial cells under ultrasonic cavitation excitation. The results showed that the large bubbles have a significant inhibitory effect on the movement of small bubbles, and the vibration morphology of intravascular microbubbles was affected by the acoustic parameters, microbubble size, and the distance between the microbubbles. The ultrasonic cavitation can significantly enhance the unidirectional flux of drug molecules, and the unidirectional flux growth rate of the wall can reach more than 5%. Microjets and shock waves emitted from microbubbles generate different stress distribution patterns on the vascular wall, which in turn affects the pore size of the vessel wall and the permeability of drug molecules. The vibration morphology of microbubbles is related to the concentration, arrangement and scale of microbubbles, and the drug permeation impact can be enhanced by optimizing bubble size and acoustic parameters. The results offer an extensive depiction of the factors influencing the blood-brain barrier opening through ultrasonic cavitation, and the model may provide a potential technique to actively regulate the penetration capacity of drugs through endothelial layer of the neurovascular system by regulating BBB opening.
期刊：
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF NATURAL PHENOMENA,2023年18:11 ISSN：0973-5348
作者机构：
[Chen, Xuekun; Xie, Yaqian; Hu, Jiwen; Lei, Weirui; Liu, Can] Univ South China, Coll Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Statins;atherosclerosis;necrotic core volume;finite element method
摘要：
A large necrotic core increases the risk of atherosclerotic plaque instability. Statins can delay the growth of necrotic core in plaques, but the kinetic mechanism of statins in slowing down the necrotic core has not yet been addressed in detail. In this paper, a mathematical model is governed by a system of advection-diffusion-reaction equations coupling of the porous nature of vessel wall is established and applied to illustrate the plaque growth with lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) with and without statins using finite element method. We study the influence of LRNC plaque growth for different drug concentrations at different time intervals. The results showed that the drug use at different time points has a significant impact on the treatment efficacy. Compared with short-term, low-dose treatment, early statin treatment with high dose showed more pronounced effects on reducing the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, decreasing the volume of necrotic core, changing the characteristics of plaques, and improving the plaque stability. The model is validated by comparing with the clinical data, and may be used to predict the progression of LRNC plaque and the effects of statin therapy.
期刊：
INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-COMPUTATIONAL LIFE SCIENCES,2023年15(4):616-632 ISSN：1913-2751
通讯作者：
Qian, SY;Hu, JW
作者机构：
[Qian, Shengyou; Lei, Weirui; Qian, SY] Hunan Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect, Changsha 410006, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Xin] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Sch, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Hu, JW; Hu, Jiwen] Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hu, JW ] U;[Qian, SY ] H;Hunan Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect, Changsha 410006, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Sch Math & Phys, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Abstract: In this paper, we mainly discuss the stability of the zero solution of a fourth-order nonlinear differ-ential equation obtained from the soft tissue model. By using the energy metric algorithm, we con-struct the Lyapunov function of the equation, and then give the sufficient conditions for the stability of the zero solution.#@#@#摘要: 本文主要讨论由软组织模型得到的一种四阶非线性微分方程零解的稳定性，通过使用能量度量算法构造该方程的Lyapunov函数，进而给出方程零解的稳定性的充分条件。
作者：
Can Liu;Jiwen Hu;Yaqian Xie;Yong Liu;Weirui Lei
期刊：
Journal of Physics: Conference Series,2023年2535(1):012002 ISSN：1742-6588
通讯作者：
Hu, Jiwen(hu_sanping@163.com)
作者机构：
[Can Liu; Yong Liu] School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang;421001, China;[Jiwen Hu; Yaqian Xie; Weirui Lei] School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang;[Can Liu; Jiwen Hu; Yaqian Xie; Yong Liu; Weirui Lei] 421001, China
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>Prediction of cavitation damage to the solid boundary is crucial in the application of ultrasound. The goal of this study is to investigate the potential for a cavitation bubble to cause mechanical effects on the curved elastic boundary and contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of bubble-structure interaction. Effects of the surface curvature of the boundary are studied using the finite volume method. In the oscillatory migration of bubbles to the bottom of the boundary, there are several shape modes at the same time. The wall stress/deformation produced by impinging jets increases with parameter α. The bubble dynamic behaviors and the wall deformation have no significant effect as Young’s modulus equals or exceeds 60 MPa. Boundary deformation generated by tensile and compressive stresses during bubble collapse may be the basic mechanism of cavitation erosion. Due to the lack of visual observation and research on the acoustic cavitation effect, the key mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation is missing. Therefore, the importance of bubble dynamics and cavitation damage in this paper is self-evident</jats:p>
摘要：
Many studies have shown that microbubble cavitation is one mechanism for vascular injury under ultrasonic excitation. Previous work has attributed vascular damage to vessel expansions and invaginations due to the expansion and contraction of microbubbles. However, the mechanisms of vascular damage are not fully understood. In this paper, we investigate, theoretically and experimentally, the vessel injury due to stress induced by ultrasound-induced cavitation (UIC). A bubble-fluid-vessel coupling model is constructed to investigate the interactions of the coupling system. The dynamics process of vessel damage due to UIC is theoretically simulated with a finite element method, and a focused ultrasound (FU) setup is carried out and used to assess the vessel damage. The results show that shear stress contributes to vessel injury by cell detachment while normal stress mainly causes distention injury. Similar changes in cell detachment in a vessel over time can be observed with the experimental setup. The severity of vascular injury is correlated to acoustic parameters, bubble-wall distance, and microbubble sizes, and the duration of insonation..
