作者机构：
[Yi Haitao; Li Feng; Wang Yongdong; Zhang Yue; Li Guangyue; Ding Dexin; Hu Nan; Dai Zhongran; Sun Jing; Zhang Hui; Ma Jianhong; Zhai Kaige] Univ South China, Key Discipline Lab Natl Def Biotechnol Uranium Mi, Heng Yang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang Yongdong] K;Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
作者机构：
南华大学 铀矿冶生物技术国防重点学科实验室,湖南 衡阳 421001;南华大学 极贫铀资源绿色开发技术湖南省重点实验室,湖南 衡阳 421001;[祖媛媛; 李广悦; 孙静; 李芳艳; 王永东] Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, 421001, China
摘要：
Uranium-contaminated wastewater associated with uranium (U) mining and processing inevitably releases into soil environment. In order to assess the risk of U wastewater contamination to groundwater through percolation, U adsorption and transport behavior in a typical red soil in South China was investigated through batch adsorption and column experiments, and initial pH and carbonate concentration were considered of the high-sulfate background electrolyte solution. Results demonstrated that U adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich model. The adsorption of U to red soil significantly decreased with the decrease of the initial pH from 7 to 3 in the absence of carbonate, protonation-deprotonation reactions controlled the adsorption capacity, and lnCs had a linear relationship with the equilibrium pH (pHeq). In the presence of carbonate, the adsorption was much greater than that in the absence of carbonate owing to the pHeq values buffered by carbonate, but the adsorption decreased with the increase of the carbonate concentration from 3.5 to 6.5 mM. Additionally, the breakthrough curves (BTCs) obtained by column experiments showed that large numbers of H(+) and CO3(2-) competed with the U species for adsorption sites, which resulted in BTC overshoot (C/C0 > 1). Numerical simulation results indicated that the BTCs at initial pH 4 and 5 could be well simulated by two-site chemical non-equilibrium model (CNEM), whereas the BTCs of varying initial carbonate concentrations were suitable for one-site CNEM. The fractions of equilibrium adsorption sites (f) seemed to correlate with the fractions of positively charged complexes of U species in solution. The values of partition coefficients (kd(')) were lower than those measured in batch adsorption experiments, but they had the same variation trend. The values of first-order rate coefficient (omega) for all BTCs were low, representing a relatively slow equilibrium between U in the liquid and solid phases. In conclusion, the mobility of U in the red soil increased with the decrease of the initial pH and with the increase of the initial carbonate concentrations.
摘要：
In this paper, the developmental toxicity and apoptosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos induced by 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10-Gy gamma-ray irradiation were investigated and verified by single cell gel electrophoresis, acridine orange staining, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, digital gene expression sequencing, and Western blot analysis. DNA damage, deformity rates, and apoptosis of zebrafish embryos were found to increase significantly with the increase of irradiation dose, and survival and hatching rates significantly decreased when the irradiation dose exceeds 0.10 and 0.05 Gy, respectively. Exposure to 0.10-Gy gamma-ray irradiation resulted in the swelling of cell mitochondria of zebrafish embryos and changes in their intracellular vacuoles. mRNA and protein expression levels of Shh (sonic hedgehog 19 KDa) and Smo (smoothened 86 KDa) of Hh signaling pathway associated with the development of early embryos significantly increased with the increase of irradiation dose. Expression of the AKT (56 KDa) and PiK3r3 (55 KDa) genes, which are anti-apoptotic and involved with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, significantly decreased, while expression of the bada gene, which is pro-apoptotic, significantly increased. The results show that gamma-ray irradiations of 0.01 and 0.05 Gy can induce developmental toxicity and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos via Hh and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, respectively.
作者机构：
[刘玉龙; 李广悦; 王有团; 胡南; 喻清; 丁德馨] Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang;421001, China;[马亮] CGNPC Uranium Resources Co., Ltd., Beijing;100029, China;[刘玉龙] 421001, China <&wdkj&> CGNPC Uranium Resources Co., Ltd., Beijing
通讯机构：
Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, China
作者机构：
南华大学铀矿冶生物技术国防重点学科实验室,衡阳421001;南华大学极贫铀资源绿色开发技术湖南省重点实验室,衡阳421001;[王芳; 张辉; 戴仲然; 胡南; 丁德馨; 李广悦] Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, 421001, China
通讯机构：
Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, China
作者机构：
[李殿鑫; 胡南; 黄超; 丁德馨; 李广悦; 王永东] Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang;Hunan;421001, China;Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, University of South China, Hengyang;[李殿鑫; 胡南; 黄超; 丁德馨; 李广悦; 王永东] Hunan
期刊：
American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2018年14(2):145-153 ISSN：1553-3468
通讯作者：
Ding, De-Xin(dingdxzzz@163.com)
作者机构：
[Yun-Chang Cao; Nan Hu; Yong-Dong Wang; Gaung-Yue Li; De-Xin Ding] Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang;Hunan;421001, China;[Hong-Bo Wen] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang;[Yun-Chang Cao; Hong-Bo Wen; Nan Hu; Yong-Dong Wang; Gaung-Yue Li; De-Xin Ding] Hunan
通讯机构：
[Ding, D.-X.] K;Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, 28 West Changsheng Rd, China
作者机构：
[李广悦; 王浩; 丁德馨; 李峰; 喻清; 胡南] Key Discipline Laboratory of Defense Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China;[喻清] School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
通讯机构：
Key Discipline Laboratory of Defense Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, China
作者机构：
[李广悦; 刘玉龙; 丁德馨; 王有团; 胡南] Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China;[马亮; 刘玉龙] CGNPC Uranium Resources Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100029, China
通讯机构：
Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, China
摘要：
This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of gamma irradiation on zebrafish embryos. Different doses of gamma rays (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy) were used to irradiate zebrafish embryos at three developmental stages (stage 1, 6 h post-fertilization (hpf); stage 2, 12 hpf; stage three, 24 hpf), respectively. The survival, malformation and hatching rates of the zebrafish embryos were measured at the morphological endpoint of 96 hpf. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were assayed. Morphology analysis showed that gamma irradiation inhibited hatching and induced developmental toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, after irradiation the malformation rate changed not only in a dose-dependent manner but also in a developmental stage-dependent manner, indicating that the zebrafish embryos at stage 1 were more sensitive to gamma rays than those at other stages. Biochemical analysis showed that gamma irradiation modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. A linear relationship was found between GPx activity and irradiation dose in 0.1–1 Gy group, and GPx was a suitable biomarker for gamma irradiation in the dose range from 0.1 to 1 Gy. Furthermore, the activities of SOD, CAT, GR and GPx of the zebrafish embryos at stage 3 were found to be much higher than those at other stages, indicating that the zebrafish embryos at stage 3 had a greater ability to protect against gamma rays than those at other stages, and thus the activities of antioxidant enzymes changed in a developmental stage-dependent manner.
