摘要：
Breathing solitons, as localized wave packets with a periodic evolution in amplitude and duration, are able to model extreme wave events in complex nonlinear dispersive systems. We have numerically studied the formation and manipulation of graded-index breathing solitons embedded in nonlinear multimode fibers based on a single nonlinear Schrodinger equation that includes the spatial self-imaging effect through a periodically varying nonlinear parameter. Through changing specific parameters of the input optical field, we can manipulate the period and depth of graded-index breathing soliton dynamics under different relative strengths between the dispersion length and the self-imaging period of the multimode fiber. Our study can explicitly derive a robust mechanism to control the behavior of the breathing localized structure directly and contribute to a better understanding of the much more complex nonlinear graded-index soliton dynamics in multimode fibers.
摘要：
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is reported to contribute to right ventricular failure and death. PAH of variable degrees is often related to congenital heart disease (CHD). Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been proven to be of great importance in PAH and CHD. Therefore, we investigated the specific mechanism of Gal-3 in CHD-PAH. Patients with CHD-PAH were enrolled to detect the changes of T-cell subsets, cytokine levels, and other related inflammatory cells in the plasma and to assess the Gal-3 levels in the serum. Next, CHD-PAH mouse models were established and treated with restored or depleted Gal-3 to evaluate the systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), to determine levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, AKT and p-AKT along with proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Finally, we explored the effects of adoptive transfer of CD4(+)T cells on CHD-PAH in mice with Gal-3 knockdown to further investigate the role of Gal-3 in vivo. Initially, Gal-3 was up-regulated in patients with CHD-PAH. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that restored Gal-3 increased sPAP and RVHI, and promoted proliferation of PASMCs by activating the immune response with elevated levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and p-AKT. Finally, adoptive transfer of CD4(+)T cells promoted CD4(+)T cell perivascular infiltration and the progression of CHD-PAH in mice with Gal-3 knockdown. Collectively, the current study suggests a facilitating role of Gal-3 in pulmonary artery remodeling and progression of CHD-PAH via activation of Th2.
通讯机构：
[Luo, Zhigang] U;Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Urol, 35 Jiefang Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Annexin A2;epithelial-mesenchymal transition;invasion;metastasis;microRNA;prostate cancer
摘要：
The present study investigated the molecular mechanism by which microRNA-206 (miR-206) targets Annexin A2 (ANXA2) expression and inhibits the invasion and metastasis of prostatic cancer cells through regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using bioinformatics analysis, miR-206 was identified as the most promising candidate miRNA that targeted ANXA2. Prostate tissue specimens from 60 patients with prostate cancer, 30 patients with metastatic prostate cancer and 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were examined for ANXA2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and western blotting and for miR-206 expression by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were transfected with miR-206 mimics, miR-206 inhibitors or a negative control sequence, and expression of ANXA2, E-cadherin and N-cadherin was detected by western blotting. Transwell assays were performed to determine the effect of altered miR-206 expression on the invasive behavior of PC-3 cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted complementary binding between miR-206 and ANXA2 mRNA. ANXA2 protein expression was detected in a significantly higher proportion of BPH tissues (95%, 19/20) when compared with prostate cancer tissues (51.7%, 31/60; P<0.05). Similarly, ANXA2 was expressed in a significantly higher proportion of metastatic prostate cancer samples than that of prostate cancer samples (P<0.05). Expression of miR-206 was higher than that of ANXA2 in prostate cancer samples, but lower in BPH samples. Inhibition of miR-206 expression in PC-3 cells upregulated ANXA2 and E-cadherin protein expression levels, downregulated N-cadherin and vimentin, and promoted cell invasion in vitro. These data suggested that binding between miRNA-206 and ANXA2 mRNA may regulate EMT signaling, thereby suppressing the invasion and metastasis of prostatic cancer cells.
摘要：
We propose a manipulation approach to vary the wave speed, as well as the grayness, of dark solitons under the optical event horizon arising from the interaction between a dark soliton and a probe wave. To the best of our knowledge, the optical event horizon effect is demonstrated for the first time to be capable of inducing a reversible conversion between a black soliton and a gray one. This reversible soliton transformation and control process originates from the intrinsic competition between the probe-induced nonlinear phase shift and the internal phase of the dark soliton. In a cascaded system consisting of two optical event horizons, we also observe the new optical soliton tunneling phenomena where a dark soliton can be reset longitudinally purposely. The results may find applications in information cloaking such as effectively hiding the presence of intermediate fiber section to the receiver.
摘要：
Carbon honeycomb, a new kind of 3D carbon allotrope experimentally synthesized recently, has received much attention for its fascinating applications in electronic device and energy storage. In the present work, we perform equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) to study the thermal transport properties of carbon honeycombs with different chirality. It is found that the thermal conductivity along the honeycomb axis ([Formula: see text]) is three times larger than that normal to the axis ([Formula: see text]), which shows strong anisotropy reflecting their geometric anisotropy. Lattice dynamics calculations reveal that this anisotropy stems from the orientation-dependent phonon group velocities. Moreover, when ambient temperature ([Formula: see text]) increases from 200 K to 800 K, the [Formula: see text] dependence of [Formula: see text] is observed due to the enhanced Umklapp scattering. The detailed phonon spectra analyses indicate phonon group velocities are insensitive to the variation of ambient temperature, and the temperature dependence of the relaxation times of low-frequency phonons (<20 THz) follows [Formula: see text] behavior. Our results have a certain guiding significance to develop carbon honeycomb for effective thermal channeling devices.
摘要：
We show that the group-velocity-led optical event horizon (OEH) in optical fibers provides a convenient way to actively control the propagation property of higher-order solitons by a comparatively weak dispersive wave (DW) pulse. It has been found numerically that clean soliton breakup, a process by which a second-order soliton completely splits into a pair of constituent solitons with vastly different power proportions after interacting with the weak DW pulse, will occur while external DWs become polychromatic. The temporal separation between both constituent solitons can be controlled by adjusting the power of the external DW. The more energetic main soliton is advanced/trailed in time depending on the selected frequency of input DW pulse. We have developed an analytic formalism describing the external acting-force (AF) perturbation. These results provide a fundamental explanation and physical scaling of optical pulse evolution in optical fibers and can find applications in improved supercontinuum sources.
