摘要：
The accurate prediction of failure boundaries in engineering applications is essential for ensuring safety and reliability. Traditional methods often rely heavily on high-fidelity physical experiments or numerical simulations, which are prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. In response to this challenge, our research proposes an innovative multi-fidelity support vector classification approach that leverages an abundant supply of low-fidelity data alongside a limited amount of high-fidelity data. This combination significantly reduces modeling costs while maintaining or even enhancing predictive accuracy. The key points of the proposed method include the design of a reasonable kernel function to effectively describe the relationship between the input and output of multiple fidelities, and the determination of the optimal hyperparameters. In addition, in practical engineering problems, real data often exhibit data imbalance, leading to poor performance of the trained models. Our novel method addresses this limitation by integrating a strategy for managing the data imbalance. By effectively treating data imbalance, our approach significantly improves the classification and boundary prediction capabilities of the model. To validate our method, we applied it to three distinct engineering problems: predicting the failure boundary of a zero Poisson ratio structure, analyzing surge and choke boundaries in an axial flow compressor rotor, and tackling a 31-dimensional simulation failure boundary prediction problem within the computational fluid dynamics context of the same rotor. The results demonstrate that our multi-fidelity support vector classification method not only effectively predicts boundaries in these practical scenarios but also outperforms alternative methods, showing its potential as a powerful tool for engineers.
期刊：
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2025年:1-13 ISSN：1059-9495
通讯作者：
Wang, Liqiang;Fan, XF
作者机构：
[Fan, Xiangfang; Wang, Liqiang] Univ South China, Coll Mech Engn, Hengyang 421100, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Jianming] Hengyang Valin Steel Tube Co, Hengyang 421000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fan, XF ; Wang, LQ] U;Univ South China, Coll Mech Engn, Hengyang 421100, Peoples R China.
关键词：
energy density;H13 steel;hardness;high-temperature wear resistance;laser remelting;laser transformation hardening
摘要：
This paper presents the results of a study on the laser remelting and laser transformation hardening of mandrel H13 steel (quenched and tempered) for a tube rolling mill. The surface of the specimens was irradiated with a continuous high-power fibre laser (RFL-C3300) with a spot size of 12 mm × 2 mm. A comparison of the morphological organisation, microhardness and high-temperature wear resistance of the laser-remelted and laser-phase-change-hardened specimens was carried out to investigate the effect of laser process parameters on the organisation and properties of H13 steel. The results show that the laser-remelted specimens had a better hardening effect and wear resistance at the same power. The solidification organisation of the laser-remelted specimens was mainly in the form of fine equiaxed cells and columnar cells, and the martensite in the phase-change-hardened zone was fine and dense. The microhardness of the surface of the laser-remelted specimens was up to 794.0 HV0.2, which is about 2.6 times higher than that of the substrate. The coefficient of friction and the amount of wear were as low as 0.39 and 0.1221 mm3, respectively, and the wear mechanism was mainly abrasive wear.
期刊：
Journal of Materials Science,2025年:1-17 ISSN：0022-2461
通讯作者：
Qiu, CJ
作者机构：
[Yang, Tong; Qiu, Changjun] Univ South China, Sch Resource Environm & Safety Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Tong; Chen, Pinghu; Zhao, Li; Wu, Wenxing; Qiu, Changjun] Key Lab Hunan Prov Equipment Safety Serv Technol E, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Pinghu; Zhao, Li; Qiu, Changjun] Univ South China, Sch Mech Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qiu, CJ ] U;Univ South China, Sch Resource Environm & Safety Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Hunan Prov Equipment Safety Serv Technol E, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Sch Mech Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Laser additive manufactured high gamma '-phase nickel-based superalloys have a high cracking susceptibility due to the unique characteristics of superalloys, which can hinder their widespread application. This work overcomes the above challenges via a compositional optimization strategy, and a novel nickel-based superalloy with high gamma ' phase has been developed via laser directed energy deposition (LDED). The effects of the various Al + Ti (1:1) contents (6.4, 6.6 and 6.8 wt.%) on microstructure and mechanical properties (room temperature, 850 degrees C and 900 degrees C) of the as-deposited and heat-treated specimens were investigated. Ultimately, the crack-free Ni-based superalloy has been successfully designed and fabricated by LDED, featuring a high gamma ' phase content. The results indicated that the gamma ' phase content and the number of the MC carbide particles increase with the increasing Ti + Al content. When the Ti + Al content is 6.6 wt.%, the newly designed Ni-based superalloy exhibits exceptional tensile properties (UTS: 1450 +/- 42 MPa, YS: 1100 +/- 36 MPa and EL: 16.5 +/- 1.1%). After heat treatment, the gamma ' phase, bulk-like (MC), long strips-like (M23C6) carbide and moderate amount of needle-like sigma phase are present in the alloy with Ti + Al content of 6.6 wt.%. Therefore, the newly designed Ni-based superalloy exhibits superior tensile properties at 850 degrees C (UTS: 818 +/- 34 MPa, YS: 774 +/- 29 MPa and EL: 10 +/- 0.7%) and 900 degrees C (UTS: 581 +/- 28 MPa, YS: 558 +/- 20 MPa and EL: 11.7 +/- 0.9%). This approach provide a new alloy design route for achieving optimization of high-temperature mechanical properties and formability of nickel-based superalloys with high gamma ' phase for laser additive manufacturing.
作者机构：
[Rong Deng; Zhiwei Ye] School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, No. 28, Changsheng West Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China;[Sizhong Li] Hunan Hergelix intelligent Technology Co., LTD, No. 858, Purui West Road, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
通讯机构：
[Rong Deng] S;School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, No. 28, Changsheng West Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
摘要：
Concrete pumping technology is widely applied in the construction industry, especially in high-rise buildings and large-span bridges. However, during the actual pumping, concrete may bleed or get segregated, leading to the blockage of a pipe. In order to improve the pumping efficiency and reduce the blockage risk, the flow of fresh concrete with a single-size coarse aggregate(CA) in pipe was simulated, and the effects of size and shape, and volume fraction of CA on the pipe blockage were studied using a Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) coupling method. The flow velocity, pressure distribution and flow state during the concrete pumping process were also analyzed for in-depth understanding of the flow behavior of concrete in the pumping pipe. It was proposed to use the peak pressure on the pumping pipe to characterize the risk of pipe blockage. The cause of pipe blockage formation was analyzed by tracking the movement law, mass and velocity distribution of CA. The obtained results show that local accumulation of CA at the peak pressure position can increase its concentration and decrease the average velocity, causing the peak pressure to rise and increasing the risk of pipe blockage. The risk of pipe blockage increases gradually with increasing size of CA. The most prone blockage takes place at the bend and shifts downward with increasing size of CA. The shape of CA has a lesser impact on the location of the blockage. However, as the shape changes from spherical to ellipsoidal to flaky, the peak pressure gradually increases, thus raising the risk of blockage. With increasing volume fraction of CA, the peak pressure also increases. In order to reduce the risk of pipe blockage, it is recommended that the size of CA should be less than 20 mm, the volume fraction should be no more than 30 %, and the shape should be spherical or ellipsoidal as far as possible.
Concrete pumping technology is widely applied in the construction industry, especially in high-rise buildings and large-span bridges. However, during the actual pumping, concrete may bleed or get segregated, leading to the blockage of a pipe. In order to improve the pumping efficiency and reduce the blockage risk, the flow of fresh concrete with a single-size coarse aggregate(CA) in pipe was simulated, and the effects of size and shape, and volume fraction of CA on the pipe blockage were studied using a Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) coupling method. The flow velocity, pressure distribution and flow state during the concrete pumping process were also analyzed for in-depth understanding of the flow behavior of concrete in the pumping pipe. It was proposed to use the peak pressure on the pumping pipe to characterize the risk of pipe blockage. The cause of pipe blockage formation was analyzed by tracking the movement law, mass and velocity distribution of CA. The obtained results show that local accumulation of CA at the peak pressure position can increase its concentration and decrease the average velocity, causing the peak pressure to rise and increasing the risk of pipe blockage. The risk of pipe blockage increases gradually with increasing size of CA. The most prone blockage takes place at the bend and shifts downward with increasing size of CA. The shape of CA has a lesser impact on the location of the blockage. However, as the shape changes from spherical to ellipsoidal to flaky, the peak pressure gradually increases, thus raising the risk of blockage. With increasing volume fraction of CA, the peak pressure also increases. In order to reduce the risk of pipe blockage, it is recommended that the size of CA should be less than 20 mm, the volume fraction should be no more than 30 %, and the shape should be spherical or ellipsoidal as far as possible.
通讯机构：
[Li, ZY ] U;Univ South China, Coll Mech Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
conductivity;conformation of PEDOT;organic photovoltaics;transmittance;work function
摘要：
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is widely utilized as the hole transport layer (HTL) inorganic photovoltaics (OPVs) because of its low-temperature solution processing peculiarity, high optical transmittance, and excellent mechanical flexibility. However, the core-shell structure of PSS coated PEDOT results in relatively low conductivity, work function, transmittance and waterproofness of PEDOT:PSS interlayer, limiting the photovoltaic performance and stability of OPVs. Here, the conformation of PEDOT chains are regulated from helical benzoyl to linear quinone structure via incorporation of 2D Cd(0.85)PS(3)Li(0.15)H(0.15)dopant into the conventional PEDOT:PSS interlayer, promoting an interpenetrating network structure in PEDOT:PSS interlayer and forming an efficient hole transport channel from active layer to ITO electrode. Such features significantly improve the electrical conductivity, work function, and transmittance of PEDOT:PSS interlayer. In consequence, the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of D18:L8-BO, PBDB-T:ITIC, as well as PTzBI-dF:L8-BO based OPVs ameliorated from 18.37%, 8.94%, and 15.80% to 19.26%, 10.00%, and 16.83%, respectively. The application of Cd(0.85)PS(3)Li(0.15)H(0.15) doping PEDOT:PSS strategy demonstrates great potential for the development of strongly conductive, large-work-function, highly transparent, and excellent-waterproof PEDOT:PSS interlayer toward highly efficient and stable OPVs.
摘要：
Cicada wing exhibiting a high transparency at wide viewing angles can be bioinspired for the formation of antireflective subwavelength array (ASA), which can effectively enhance surface transmittance of infrared window for infrared detection. Due to extreme fine structure of the ASA and significant limitations of single pulse Gaussian beam manufacturing accuracy, it still a challenge to fabricate ASA with broadband and mechanically-durable properties by femtosecond laser. In this study, a novel temporal-spatial shaping femtosecond laser micromachining is proposed to fabricate inverted cone pattern ASA on zinc sulfide (ZnS) substrate for suppressing surface Fresnel reflection and realizing high infrared transmittance. Femtosecond laser double-pulse Bessel beam is used to experimentally fabricate the ASA with tunable depth and width by laser power and pulse delay. The bioinspired ASA is manufactured on ZnS, achieving high transmittance of 88 % in the wavelength of 4–12 μm, good laser damage resistance with ablation threshold of 0.24 J/cm 2 , and preferable hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 150°. Finally, the infrared detection measurements through the optical window express that the ASA on the ZnS window effectively improves the target details well and suppresses the background noise of the captured infrared image.
Cicada wing exhibiting a high transparency at wide viewing angles can be bioinspired for the formation of antireflective subwavelength array (ASA), which can effectively enhance surface transmittance of infrared window for infrared detection. Due to extreme fine structure of the ASA and significant limitations of single pulse Gaussian beam manufacturing accuracy, it still a challenge to fabricate ASA with broadband and mechanically-durable properties by femtosecond laser. In this study, a novel temporal-spatial shaping femtosecond laser micromachining is proposed to fabricate inverted cone pattern ASA on zinc sulfide (ZnS) substrate for suppressing surface Fresnel reflection and realizing high infrared transmittance. Femtosecond laser double-pulse Bessel beam is used to experimentally fabricate the ASA with tunable depth and width by laser power and pulse delay. The bioinspired ASA is manufactured on ZnS, achieving high transmittance of 88 % in the wavelength of 4–12 μm, good laser damage resistance with ablation threshold of 0.24 J/cm 2 , and preferable hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 150°. Finally, the infrared detection measurements through the optical window express that the ASA on the ZnS window effectively improves the target details well and suppresses the background noise of the captured infrared image.
期刊：
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery,2025年 ISSN：1010-5182
通讯作者：
Chen, Jing
作者机构：
[Qiu, Xiaohui] National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China;[Qiu, Xiaohui] Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya III Hospital of Central South University, China;[Zhou, Jianda; Zhong, Chi] Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya III Hospital of Central South University, China;[Chen, Qiuyang; Liao, Shenghui] School of Computer Science, Central South University, China;[Yang, Tong; Zhao, Yingchao] School of Mechanical Engineering, South China University, China
通讯机构：
[Chen, Jing] D;Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. Electronic address:
关键词：
Artificial intelligence;CT big dataset;Surgical design
摘要：
Background The morphology of the zygomatic complex significantly influences facial appearance, leading to a focus on zygomatic osteotomy. The current technique, the “L-shaped” zygomatic osteotomy, requires a small incision and preoperative osteotomy design for an osteotomy guide. However, the use of multiple software programs in the design process makes it time-consuming and clinically challenging.
The morphology of the zygomatic complex significantly influences facial appearance, leading to a focus on zygomatic osteotomy. The current technique, the “L-shaped” zygomatic osteotomy, requires a small incision and preoperative osteotomy design for an osteotomy guide. However, the use of multiple software programs in the design process makes it time-consuming and clinically challenging.
Method Artificial intelligence technology offers a solution by integrating digital medical technology into medicine. AI algorithms were developed based on point cloud models, using 2000 cases of three-dimensional CT data for training. Eighty CT data sets were randomly chosen for both AI and manual skull segmentation designs. The effectiveness, symmetry, safety, and aesthetic outcomes were compared.
Artificial intelligence technology offers a solution by integrating digital medical technology into medicine. AI algorithms were developed based on point cloud models, using 2000 cases of three-dimensional CT data for training. Eighty CT data sets were randomly chosen for both AI and manual skull segmentation designs. The effectiveness, symmetry, safety, and aesthetic outcomes were compared.
Result The AI zygomatic osteotomy showed superior performance in symmetry and aesthetics compared to manual zygomatic osteotomy. The complex structure of the zygomatic arch highlights the advantages of AI-driven osteotomy design, especially in intricate cases. Additionally, the AI osteotomy scheme demonstrated no compromise in safety indicators compared to the manual approach.
The AI zygomatic osteotomy showed superior performance in symmetry and aesthetics compared to manual zygomatic osteotomy. The complex structure of the zygomatic arch highlights the advantages of AI-driven osteotomy design, especially in intricate cases. Additionally, the AI osteotomy scheme demonstrated no compromise in safety indicators compared to the manual approach.
Conclusion AI zygomatic osteotomy proves to be a safe and effective alternative to manual zygomatic osteotomy, showcasing enhanced symmetry and aesthetic outcomes. The efficiency and precision of AI-driven design in complex zygomatic osteotomies make it a promising advancement in this field.
AI zygomatic osteotomy proves to be a safe and effective alternative to manual zygomatic osteotomy, showcasing enhanced symmetry and aesthetic outcomes. The efficiency and precision of AI-driven design in complex zygomatic osteotomies make it a promising advancement in this field.
摘要：
The significance of biomedical applications of friction stir processing (FSP) is best emphasized by their prospect utilization in improving the biomedical properties of metallic implants for orthopedic applications. FSP facilitates the stable incorporation of functional elements into implant materials for tailored modification of performance, preserves the advantageous properties of the matrix while mitigates inherent weaknesses, and provides a customized solution to multifaceted challenges that affects the long-term functionality of implants. This remarkable advantage in reinforcing properties gives FSP the ability to improve biomedical properties in metallic implants for orthopedic applications. This review (i) provides an overview of the current status and issues of metallic implants for orthopedic applications, with a special attention to the potential of FSP to address the performance decay commonly encountered by implant materials. (ii) details the principles for the development of FSP process parameters to the performation modification of implant materials, (iii) introduces the customized design of implant materials by FSP (including magnesium alloys, titanium alloys and other alloys, as well as their physico-mechanical properties and implant application), and (iv) highlights the influence of FSP on the biological functionality of implant materials. Also explored are the main challenges and perspectives in developing FSMed metallic implants for orthopedic applications.
The significance of biomedical applications of friction stir processing (FSP) is best emphasized by their prospect utilization in improving the biomedical properties of metallic implants for orthopedic applications. FSP facilitates the stable incorporation of functional elements into implant materials for tailored modification of performance, preserves the advantageous properties of the matrix while mitigates inherent weaknesses, and provides a customized solution to multifaceted challenges that affects the long-term functionality of implants. This remarkable advantage in reinforcing properties gives FSP the ability to improve biomedical properties in metallic implants for orthopedic applications. This review (i) provides an overview of the current status and issues of metallic implants for orthopedic applications, with a special attention to the potential of FSP to address the performance decay commonly encountered by implant materials. (ii) details the principles for the development of FSP process parameters to the performation modification of implant materials, (iii) introduces the customized design of implant materials by FSP (including magnesium alloys, titanium alloys and other alloys, as well as their physico-mechanical properties and implant application), and (iv) highlights the influence of FSP on the biological functionality of implant materials. Also explored are the main challenges and perspectives in developing FSMed metallic implants for orthopedic applications.
作者：
Su, Renlong;Qu, Wei;Zhou, Rujin;Su, Zhaoxiong;Yang, Xiaoyu;...
期刊：
Chemical Engineering Journal,2025年505:159673 ISSN：1385-8947
通讯作者：
Li, ZY
作者机构：
[Su, Zhaoxiong; Li, ZY; Li, Zhenye; Qu, Wei; Su, Renlong; Yang, Xiaoyu; Zhou, Rujin; Xie, Jiefeng] Univ South China, Coll Mech Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, ZY ] U;Univ South China, Coll Mech Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Organic photovoltaics;Two-dimensional atomic crystal;H-aggregation;Short-circuit current
摘要：
Molecular aggregation in thin films demonstrates a profound effect on the photovoltaic performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, we develop a novel two-dimensional atomic crystal CdPS 3 , and comprehensively investigate its effect on the thin film aggregation and photovoltaic performance of PM6:Y6 −based OPVs. CdPS 3 tends to be distributed in PM6 domain, inducing a J- to H-aggregation transformation of PM6 molecules. H-aggregation resulted in finer phase separation, tighter molecular packing in PM6:Y6 blend membranes. Such morphology-aggregation feature contributed to efficient exciton dissociation and carrier generation, as well as ultrafast carrier transport and collection in the device. Consequently, PM6:Y6 −based OPVs obtained a certified short-circuit current ( J SC ) of 29.86 mA cm −2 , representing the highest J SC values of so far observed OPVs. Our work highlights the potential of aggregate regulation of polymer donors for enhancing J SC in OPVs.
Molecular aggregation in thin films demonstrates a profound effect on the photovoltaic performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, we develop a novel two-dimensional atomic crystal CdPS 3 , and comprehensively investigate its effect on the thin film aggregation and photovoltaic performance of PM6:Y6 −based OPVs. CdPS 3 tends to be distributed in PM6 domain, inducing a J- to H-aggregation transformation of PM6 molecules. H-aggregation resulted in finer phase separation, tighter molecular packing in PM6:Y6 blend membranes. Such morphology-aggregation feature contributed to efficient exciton dissociation and carrier generation, as well as ultrafast carrier transport and collection in the device. Consequently, PM6:Y6 −based OPVs obtained a certified short-circuit current ( J SC ) of 29.86 mA cm −2 , representing the highest J SC values of so far observed OPVs. Our work highlights the potential of aggregate regulation of polymer donors for enhancing J SC in OPVs.
摘要：
Natural processes are effective mitigation measures to reduce the spread of radioactive aerosols within the reactor building during severe accidents. Current research on these processes has primarily investigated the deposition efficiency of single-species aerosols. However, the densities of various aerosols produced by fission exhibit significant differences, potentially resulting in varied deposition behaviors. The research revealed that the critical particle diameter for natural aerosol deposition is approximately 1 μm, with notable effects dependent on aerosol density. For submicron particles, the influence of aerosol density on gravitational deposition increases with particle size and deposition time. Conversely, for particles larger than 1 μm, this influence diminishes as particle size increases. Under the temperature gradients, submicron aerosols are mainly affected by thermophoresis. At the 1 μm threshold, low-density particles are more susceptible to thermophoresis, while high-density particles are less impacted. Notably, at the temperature gradient of 3000 K/m, the deposition rate for low-density aerosols is 1.41 times faster, and for high-density aerosols, it is 1.14 times faster compared to conditions without the temperature gradients.
Natural processes are effective mitigation measures to reduce the spread of radioactive aerosols within the reactor building during severe accidents. Current research on these processes has primarily investigated the deposition efficiency of single-species aerosols. However, the densities of various aerosols produced by fission exhibit significant differences, potentially resulting in varied deposition behaviors. The research revealed that the critical particle diameter for natural aerosol deposition is approximately 1 μm, with notable effects dependent on aerosol density. For submicron particles, the influence of aerosol density on gravitational deposition increases with particle size and deposition time. Conversely, for particles larger than 1 μm, this influence diminishes as particle size increases. Under the temperature gradients, submicron aerosols are mainly affected by thermophoresis. At the 1 μm threshold, low-density particles are more susceptible to thermophoresis, while high-density particles are less impacted. Notably, at the temperature gradient of 3000 K/m, the deposition rate for low-density aerosols is 1.41 times faster, and for high-density aerosols, it is 1.14 times faster compared to conditions without the temperature gradients.
摘要：
Supported metal electrocatalysts with appropriate metal-support interactions (MSIs) show great potential for heterogeneous catalysis, however, precisely tuning the interactions at an atomic level remains a significant challenge. In this work, single-atom Co-N-4 sites are introduced to tailor the interfaces between PtIr alloy clusters and carbonaceous substrates, thereby establishing highly active and stable catalysts toward hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline electrolytes and realizing atomically MSIs modulation. The experimental and theoretical results unveil that the formation of robust MSIs at the interfaces with the incorporation of Co single atoms is evidenced by the increased coordination number of Pt-N/C, which effectively optimizes the adsorption behaviors of H-ad on Pt/Ir atoms and also tightly immobilizes PtIr clusters on the supports. The incorporation of isolated Co-N-4 sites greatly reduces the energy barrier of the rate-determining Volmer step, thereby accelerating the HOR reaction kinetics in alkaline electrolytes. Consequently, the optimal PtIr-Co0.05NC catalysts exhibit exceptional HOR activity with an exchange current density up to 13.1 mA cm(-2) and a kinetics current density of 28.8 mA cm(-2) at 50 mV in 0.1 m KOH. Furthermore, the PtIr-Co0.05NC electrocatalyst delivers negligible activity degradation due to the confinement effect of Co-functionalized carbon supports on PtIr clusters.
作者：
Binodhya Wijerathne;Ting Liao;Xudong Jiang;Juan Zhou;Ziqi Sun
期刊：
材料展望(英文),2025年4(1):012301 ISSN：2752-5724
通讯作者：
Sun, ZQ;Liao, T;Liao, Ting
作者机构：
[Xudong Jiang; Ziqi Sun; Juan Zhou; Binodhya Wijerathne; Sun, Ziqi] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Phys, 2 George St, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.;[Ting Liao; Liao, Ting] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Mech Med & Proc Engn, 2 George St, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.;[Ziqi Sun; Ting Liao; Binodhya Wijerathne; Liao, Ting; Sun, Ziqi] Queensland Univ Technol, Ctr Mat Sci, 2 George St, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.;[Juan Zhou] Univ South China, Sch Mech Engn, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, ZQ ; Liao, T ; Liao, T] Q;Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Phys, 2 George St, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.;Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Mech Med & Proc Engn, 2 George St, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.;Queensland Univ Technol, Ctr Mat Sci, 2 George St, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
关键词：
plant bioinspiration;multifunctional surfaces and interfaces;energy harvesting;conversion and storage;environmental technology;structural strength and resilience
摘要：
The flora and fauna in nature endow the Earth with a flourishing scene of prosperity with their diverse appearances, colors and patterns, constituting common biopolymers and biominerals. The principles of construction of manifold structures and functionalities from fundamental building blocks in flora and fauna have inspired materials scientists to innovate artificial materials with superior properties and performance. Specifically, florae present numerous minute structures established from elementary blocks of lignin, cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose to induce extraordinary demands to survive in extremely diverse environments on Earth. In this review, we introduce the robust material properties and thought-provoking functionalities of plants, such as super-wettability, liquid/ion transport properties, actuation properties, etc. Then, we summarize the intriguing inspiration in the development of artificial superstructures, self-cleaning surfaces and responsive structures for applications in energy harvesting and generation, electrochemical energy storage, environmental cleaning and remediation, and strong and tough mechanical components. It is expected that some principles of how minute structures and functionalities of plants construct extraordinary capabilities and properties that could be extracted from the current progress and some insight could be offered for future material innovations by learning the best from nature.
摘要：
This paper thoroughly introduces the one-stop decontamination and reuse process specific to radioactively contaminated steel, highlighting its key characteristics. By leveraging the data from engineering practice, we conduct a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of various decontamination techniques, including crystalline phase temperature difference gradient decontamination, strippable film decontamination, as well as a novel decontamination agent and its corresponding process. Additionally, we explore the properties of the steel products obtained after melting. It is concluded that this one-stop decontamination and reuse process, supported by advanced technologies, realizes the recycling of radioactively contaminated steel.
This paper thoroughly introduces the one-stop decontamination and reuse process specific to radioactively contaminated steel, highlighting its key characteristics. By leveraging the data from engineering practice, we conduct a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of various decontamination techniques, including crystalline phase temperature difference gradient decontamination, strippable film decontamination, as well as a novel decontamination agent and its corresponding process. Additionally, we explore the properties of the steel products obtained after melting. It is concluded that this one-stop decontamination and reuse process, supported by advanced technologies, realizes the recycling of radioactively contaminated steel.
摘要：
With the development of novel donor/acceptor, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has exceeded 20 %. However, the photodegradation of donor/acceptor and the nanoscale morphological changes of the active layer induced by ultraviolet (UV) light result in the poor photo-stability of OPVs, which hinders their further commercialization process. Here, we successfully developed a UV absorption interlayer by incorporating TiO2 into a typical high-performance hole transport layer (HTL) poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), to enhance the photo-stability of D18:L8-BO based OPVs. The PCE, fill factor (FF) and short-circuit current density (JSC) of device with the incorporation of TiO2 maintained at 31.6 %, 38.8 % and 84.8 % of their initial values after a 48-hour exposure to UV radiation. In contrast, the device without TiO2 for UV protection only retained 21.8 % of its initial PCE, with the FF dropping to 34.3 % and the JSC reducing to 73.6 %. TiO2 doped PEDOT:PSS HTL can reduce the amount of UV radiation reaching the active layer, thus reducing the production of free radicals, inhibiting the isomerization reaction of free radicals with the vinyl of D18 and L8-BO, further inhibiting the degree of photodegradation of D18 and L8-BO and the nanoscale morphological changes of the active layer, and effectively improving the photo-stability of D18:L8-BO based OPVs. Therefore, we believe that our UV absorption interlayer can significantly shorten the practical commercialization process of OPVs.
摘要：
The purpose of this paper is to establish the quantitative relationship between the wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process parameters and four objectives including the size, heat input, grain and performance. So as to lay a good initial shape and performance foundation for the subsequent in-situ rolling. The experimental matrix was designed based on the response surface methodology (RSM) and the multi-objective optimization was performed based on the forming efficiency and deformation uniformity. All of the final polynomial models showed that the F -ratio is greater than the corresponding F 0.05 and the P -value is less than 0.0001 in the 95% confidence level significance test. The optimum initial states showed good reactions when set at w = 2.5 m/min, v = 187 mm/min, I = 178 A, T = 93 °C. Compared with the original high-efficiency deposition processes with higher overlapping rate and constant force, the optimized deposition processes with optimal offset and constant deformation can result in more uniform and refined grain structures, leading to a 5.9% increase in average tensile strength and a 37.8% enhanced in average elongation. These findings lay a solid foundation for optimizing the high-precision and high-performance hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM) process planning of titanium alloy forgings.
The purpose of this paper is to establish the quantitative relationship between the wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process parameters and four objectives including the size, heat input, grain and performance. So as to lay a good initial shape and performance foundation for the subsequent in-situ rolling. The experimental matrix was designed based on the response surface methodology (RSM) and the multi-objective optimization was performed based on the forming efficiency and deformation uniformity. All of the final polynomial models showed that the F -ratio is greater than the corresponding F 0.05 and the P -value is less than 0.0001 in the 95% confidence level significance test. The optimum initial states showed good reactions when set at w = 2.5 m/min, v = 187 mm/min, I = 178 A, T = 93 °C. Compared with the original high-efficiency deposition processes with higher overlapping rate and constant force, the optimized deposition processes with optimal offset and constant deformation can result in more uniform and refined grain structures, leading to a 5.9% increase in average tensile strength and a 37.8% enhanced in average elongation. These findings lay a solid foundation for optimizing the high-precision and high-performance hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM) process planning of titanium alloy forgings.
摘要：
Although extensive researches have been conducted into influences of substrate thermal properties on droplet evaporation, few of them were aimed on the instabilities of their internal flow. In this paper, flow fields of Marangoni instabilities inside an evaporating droplet are simulated by a three-dimensional one-sided model, with considering the coupling effect of substrate thermal properties and droplet geometrical shape. Results shows that a large relative thermal conductivity and a larger droplet contact angle favor the appearance of hydrothermal waves. Hydrothermal waves of fan-like configurations are transformed to irregular hydrothermal waves with evaporation. With a decrease of the contact angle, instability patterns of hydrothermal waves, coexistence of hydrothermal waves and longitudinal rolls, stationary longitudinal roll, irregular Bénard-Marangoni convection were generated in sequence. Nonetheless, a small relative thermal conductivity suppresses the emergency of hydrothermal waves, with longitudinal rolls coexisting with Bénard-Marangoni cells. Longitudinal rolls propagate towards the cold side along the droplet circumference, concurrently with Bénard-Marangoni cells exhibiting a direct movement towards the cold side. Influences of droplet contact angle, substrate temperature, and relative thermal conductivity on characteristics of the observed instability patterns were systematically analyzed. This research facilitates a deeper understanding of the substrate thermal impacts on Marangoni instabilities within droplets.
Although extensive researches have been conducted into influences of substrate thermal properties on droplet evaporation, few of them were aimed on the instabilities of their internal flow. In this paper, flow fields of Marangoni instabilities inside an evaporating droplet are simulated by a three-dimensional one-sided model, with considering the coupling effect of substrate thermal properties and droplet geometrical shape. Results shows that a large relative thermal conductivity and a larger droplet contact angle favor the appearance of hydrothermal waves. Hydrothermal waves of fan-like configurations are transformed to irregular hydrothermal waves with evaporation. With a decrease of the contact angle, instability patterns of hydrothermal waves, coexistence of hydrothermal waves and longitudinal rolls, stationary longitudinal roll, irregular Bénard-Marangoni convection were generated in sequence. Nonetheless, a small relative thermal conductivity suppresses the emergency of hydrothermal waves, with longitudinal rolls coexisting with Bénard-Marangoni cells. Longitudinal rolls propagate towards the cold side along the droplet circumference, concurrently with Bénard-Marangoni cells exhibiting a direct movement towards the cold side. Influences of droplet contact angle, substrate temperature, and relative thermal conductivity on characteristics of the observed instability patterns were systematically analyzed. This research facilitates a deeper understanding of the substrate thermal impacts on Marangoni instabilities within droplets.
期刊：
Energy & Environmental Science,2025年 ISSN：1754-5692
通讯作者：
Zhong, Wenkai;Ying, L
作者机构：
[Ying, Lei; Li, Zhenye; Zhong, Wenkai; Yang, Zhiyuan; Zhong, WK; Peng, Feng; Yang, Wenyu; Ying, L] South China Univ Technol, Inst Polymer Optoelect Mat & Devices, Guangdong Basic Res Ctr Excellence Energy & Inform, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhenye; Xie, Jiefeng; Wang, Wenquan] Univ South China, Coll Mech Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Kan, Lixuan; Zhang, Ming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Frontiers Sci Ctr Transformat Mol, Ctr Hydrogen Sci, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.;[Kan, Lixuan; Zhang, Ming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zaiyu] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong Branch Chinese Natl Engn Res Ctr Tissue, Dept Chem, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhong, WK; Ying, L ] S;South China Univ Technol, Inst Polymer Optoelect Mat & Devices, Guangdong Basic Res Ctr Excellence Energy & Inform, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Achieving high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) hinges on optimizing the phase separation and interfaces within the active layer, which is crucial for efficient charge generation and transport. While a fibril-like phase-separated network has been widely recognized as the desirable morphology across various blend systems, robust methods to consistently achieve this structure remain elusive, limiting further efficiency gains. Here, we introduce a morphological control strategy using an imide-functionalized benzotriazole polymer, PTzBI-dF, within a D18:L8-BO blend to enhance fibrillar morphology. PTzBI-dF exhibits preferential miscibility with D18, fostering pi-pi stacking and increasing crystallinity, which result in a well-defined fibrillar network that optimizes its electrical and photophysical properties. Therefore, the D18:PTzBI-dF:L8-BO device achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.6% for 0.04 cm2 devices and a certified 18.35% for 1 cm2 devices, representing the highest value reported so far for 1 cm2 devices. Furthermore, this guest-polymer-assisted fibrillization shows versatility across various blend systems, offering a promising approach for enhancing OPV performance.
摘要：
Multi-target inspection path planning (MTIPP) of mobile robot (MR) represents a significant area of research in the context of environmental monitoring and routine inspection of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Given the challenges posed by complex radioactive indoor environments, characterized by the presence of numerous radioactive sources and dense obstacles, a bi-level multi-objective programming framework is proposed to model the MTIPP problem. To navigate this model effectively, a novel bi-level hybrid algorithm named ACO-GA-A* that integrates improved ant colony optimization (IACO), genetic algorithm (GA) with modified A* algorithm is developed. In the upper level, ACO with a GA-based non-uniform initial pheromone distribution, an adaptive heuristic function and an elite strategy for pheromone update is employed to determine the optimal traversal sequence of inspection targets. In the lower level, a modified A* algorithm, which considers multiple constraints including path length, risk degree and energy consumption, is utilized to plan pairwise paths between targets, thereby generating cost graphs. Comparative simulation experiments are conducted in various complexity radioactive scenarios. The results indicate that the modified A* can plan pairwise paths with lower total costs in shorter time compared to traditional A*, ACO, and GA. Furthermore, the ACO-GA-A* demonstrates better sensitivity, reliability, and convergence characteristics compared to some other bi-level hybrid algorithms. Subsequent real-world experimentation corroborates the effectiveness and feasibility of both the bi-level programming framework for MTIPP and the proposed ACO-GA-A* algorithm.
Multi-target inspection path planning (MTIPP) of mobile robot (MR) represents a significant area of research in the context of environmental monitoring and routine inspection of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Given the challenges posed by complex radioactive indoor environments, characterized by the presence of numerous radioactive sources and dense obstacles, a bi-level multi-objective programming framework is proposed to model the MTIPP problem. To navigate this model effectively, a novel bi-level hybrid algorithm named ACO-GA-A* that integrates improved ant colony optimization (IACO), genetic algorithm (GA) with modified A* algorithm is developed. In the upper level, ACO with a GA-based non-uniform initial pheromone distribution, an adaptive heuristic function and an elite strategy for pheromone update is employed to determine the optimal traversal sequence of inspection targets. In the lower level, a modified A* algorithm, which considers multiple constraints including path length, risk degree and energy consumption, is utilized to plan pairwise paths between targets, thereby generating cost graphs. Comparative simulation experiments are conducted in various complexity radioactive scenarios. The results indicate that the modified A* can plan pairwise paths with lower total costs in shorter time compared to traditional A*, ACO, and GA. Furthermore, the ACO-GA-A* demonstrates better sensitivity, reliability, and convergence characteristics compared to some other bi-level hybrid algorithms. Subsequent real-world experimentation corroborates the effectiveness and feasibility of both the bi-level programming framework for MTIPP and the proposed ACO-GA-A* algorithm.
期刊：
Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2025年1021:179602 ISSN：0925-8388
通讯作者：
Xingwang Bai
作者机构：
[Xiang Yi; Xingwang Bai; Runyao Yu; Fazhi Li] School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China;[Bintao Wu] School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China;[Wenzheng Zhai; Xiangping Wang] School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
通讯机构：
[Xingwang Bai] S;School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China
关键词：
Wire arc direct energy deposition;Flux-cored wire;Reinforcement diffusion;Microstructure;Mechanical properties
摘要：
The flux-cored wires containing Al60V40, TC4, and TiB 2 powders were prepared and used to fabricate gradient TiBw/TC4 composites through the wire arc direct energy deposition (WA-DED) process. During the deposition, the in-situ reaction-synthesized TiB whiskers (TiBw) were remelted and diffused into the upper deposition layers. The diffusion behavior of TiBw and its influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated in depth. The results show that the driving force for the cross-layer diffusion of the reinforcement can be explained as the dynamic redistribution of TiBw in the molten pool after remelting and the promotion of the nucleation and growth of β-Ti grains. The microstructure of the composites evolved into a structure that was laminated macroscopically and gradient network-like microscopically. The tensile test results show that the ultimate tensile strength of the composites with 3 wt% TiB 2 addition reached 989 MPa, which was 12.4 % higher than that of the directly deposited TC4 alloy, while the elongation remained at 11.2 %. The ultimate tensile strength of the composites with 6 wt% TiB 2 addition reached 1040 MPa, but the elongation decreased to 8.9 %. The improvement in strength is attributed to the quasi-continuous network-like TiBw formed along the original β grain boundaries, which can effectively strengthen the TC4 matrix.
The flux-cored wires containing Al60V40, TC4, and TiB 2 powders were prepared and used to fabricate gradient TiBw/TC4 composites through the wire arc direct energy deposition (WA-DED) process. During the deposition, the in-situ reaction-synthesized TiB whiskers (TiBw) were remelted and diffused into the upper deposition layers. The diffusion behavior of TiBw and its influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated in depth. The results show that the driving force for the cross-layer diffusion of the reinforcement can be explained as the dynamic redistribution of TiBw in the molten pool after remelting and the promotion of the nucleation and growth of β-Ti grains. The microstructure of the composites evolved into a structure that was laminated macroscopically and gradient network-like microscopically. The tensile test results show that the ultimate tensile strength of the composites with 3 wt% TiB 2 addition reached 989 MPa, which was 12.4 % higher than that of the directly deposited TC4 alloy, while the elongation remained at 11.2 %. The ultimate tensile strength of the composites with 6 wt% TiB 2 addition reached 1040 MPa, but the elongation decreased to 8.9 %. The improvement in strength is attributed to the quasi-continuous network-like TiBw formed along the original β grain boundaries, which can effectively strengthen the TC4 matrix.
摘要：
In recent years, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship detection has seen significant improvements due to the rapid development of deep learning. However, when ship targets are densely arranged or exhibit multiscale variations, there are still issues such as significant differences in aspect ratios, resulting in false alarms, missed detections, and low detection accuracy. To overcome these challenges, this letter introduces a novel detection model, PEGNet, based on Faster R-CNN. First, to identify ship targets at different scales, the path aggregation feature pyramid network (PAFPN) was integrated into the feature fusion structure, which enhances the network's feature representation and robustness. Second, efficient multiscale attention (EMA) was employed to strengthen detection accuracy by reducing noise interference and enhancing feature stability. Third, the guided anchoring region proposal network (GA-RPN) was introduced to produce anchors that more accurately reflect the actual positions and scales of targets, which improves localization precision and lowers the missed detection rate. The performance of PEGNet was tested on the SSDD and high-resolution SAR images dataset (HRSID) datasets, achieving mAP scores of 71.1% and 67.9%, respectively. Compared to the baseline network, this represents improvements of 2.5% and 7.6%. This result highlights the method's superior performance compared to other approaches.
