摘要：
BACKGROUND: Studies have documented associations among workplace violence (WPV), psychological capital (PsyCap), and professional commitment (PC). But limited research has investigated how PsyCap mediates the relationship between WPV and PC, particularly among nursing interns. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the current status of WPV, PsyCap, and PC among Chinese nursing students, analyzed thier interrelationships and further determined whether PsyCap mediated the association between WPV and PC. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 520 nursing interns used validated instruments: a demographic questionnaire, the WPV Scale, the PC Scale, and the PsyCap Questionnaire (Chinese version of PCQ). Pearson correlation analyzed the relationships among PsyCap, WPV, and PC, while hierarchical regression tested the mediation model. RESULTS: The total scores for PC and PsyCap among nursing students were (77.04 ± 17.04) and (91.90 ± 16.16), respectively. Approximately 31.54% of the participants reported experiencing WPV. PsyCap was inversely associated with WPV (r = -0.619, p = 0.024) and positively associated with PC (r = 0.620, p < 0.001), in contrast WPV showed a negative correlation with PC (r = -0.807, p = 0.005). Mediation analysis revealed that PsyCap mediated the WPV-PC relationship, accounting for 47.5% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Nursing students exhibited moderate levels of PsyCap and PC, with the prevalence of WPV being slightly lower than reported in comparable studies. And PsyCap fully mediated the relationship between WPV and PC. These findings revealed that nursing administrators and educators should enhance and develop nursing students' PsyCap to lower the adverse effects of WPV and promote higher levels of PC.
关键词：
drug resistance;epidemiology;extrapulmonary tuberculosis;prevalence;risk factors
摘要：
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and drug resistance (DR) characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in South-Central China. METHODS: EPTB inpatients who were culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were retrospectively included in a study at a provincial TB hospital in Hunan, a province in South-Central China, from January 2013 to December 2021. Demographic, clinical, and drug susceptibility data were retrieved from TB treatment records. Descriptive statistical methods and a Chi-squared test were used to analyze the epidemiological and DR characteristics of EPTB patients. A logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors of rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant (RR/MDR)-EPTB. RESULTS: A total of 1,324 cases were included. The majority of EPTB patients were in the age range of 20-29 years, were predominantly men (male-to-female ratio: 2.03), and were farmers (65.63%). Most EPTB cases were found in 2013 and 2017 from 2013 to 2021. The most prevalent subtypes of EPTB were lymphatic TB (29.83%, 395/1,324), multiple EPTB (20.85%, 276/1,324), and musculoskeletal TB (14.65%, 194/1,324). Musculoskeletal TB and genitourinary TB predominantly presented as exclusive EPTB forms, while lymphatic TB and pharyngeal/laryngeal TB often co-occurred with pulmonary TB (PTB). Drug susceptibility testing results showed that total DR rates (resistance to any of RFP, isoniazid [INH], streptomycin [STR], and/or ethambutol [EMB]) and RR/MDR rates in EPTB were 25.23% and 12.39%, respectively. Musculoskeletal TB exhibited the highest rates of total DR (31.40%), INH resistance (28.90%), STR resistance (20.10%), EMB resistance (6.20%), MDR (13.90%), and poly-DR (6.70%). The multivariable logistic regression model showed that patients aged from 20 to 59 years (compared to those aged 10 years), workers (compared to retirees), and EPTB patients from the south and west of Hunan (compared to those from the east of Hunan) were at an increased risk of developing RR/MDR EPTB (all OR values > 1). CONCLUSION: Our study provided a detailed account of the epidemiological and DR characteristics of EPTB in Hunan province, China. The significant DR rates, particularly in musculoskeletal TB cases, highlight the need for timely diagnosis, effective drug susceptibility testing, and the development of more effective treatment regimens for EPTB, especially targeting musculoskeletal TB treatments.
摘要：
OBJECTIVE: Osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis; however, limited epidemiological data are available on this public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to analyze the clinical epidemiology and drug resistance characteristics of OATB cases in Hunan province which located in South-central China. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled OATB patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive at Hunan Chest Hospital from January 2013 through March 31, 2022. The multiple demographic, clinical variables and drug susceptibility data of the patients were collected from the hospital's electronic patient records. Descriptive statistical methods, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were employed as statistical methods. RESULTS: Of the 269 OATB cases, 197 (73.23%) were males, 206 (76.85%) were farmers; patients' ages ranged from 5 to 85 years, 57 (21.19%) aged at 20-29 years old and 52 (19.33%) aged at 60-69 years old. In terms of the disease, 177 (65.80%) had spinal TB with most occurrence in lumbar vertebrae (26.02%, 70/269), multiple spinal sites (18.96%, 51/269) and thoracic vertebrae (15.24%, 41/269). Outside of the spine, OATB mainly occurred in the lower limb (13.38%, 36/269). In terms of drug resistance, 40 (14.87%) and 72 (26.77%) were resistant to rifampicin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH) respectively; 38 (14.13%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), and a total of 78 (29.00%) isolates were drug resistant. OATB patients aged 40-49 years old (compared to those aged ≥70 years) and from the west of Hunan province, China (compared to those from the center of Hunan) were at risk for developing RR/MDR (ORs were 5.057 and 4.942, respectively; 95% CIs were 1.009-25.342 and 1.458-16.750, respectively). CONCLUSION: In South-central China, OATB mainly affected males, farmers and those aged 20-29 and 60-69 years old. Spinal TB is prone to occur in the lumbar and multiple spinal sites. The resistance situation of OATB was serious, and people aged 40-49 years old and patients from the west of Hunan were risk factors of RR/MDR. All these findings will help to improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies of OATB.
摘要：
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical epidemiological and drug resistance (DR) characteristics of lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) in Hunan Province which locates in South-central China, and to provide scientific clues for effective prevention and treatment of LNTB. METHODS: We retrospectively collected LNTB patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive at Hunan Chest Hospital, the biggest TB reference hospital in South-central China, from January 2013 to December 2021. The multiple demographic, clinical and drug susceptibility data of patients were collected from the hospital's electronic patient records. Descriptive statistical methods, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were employed as statistical methods. RESULTS: Of the 577 LNTB cases, 373 (64.64%) were males, 352 (61.01%) were farmers; majority (161, 33.10%) aged at 20-29 years old; 147 (25.48%) had simple LNTB, 350 (60.66%) had LNTB combined with pulmonary TB (PTB) (defined as LNTB-PTB), and 80 (13.86%) had LNTB combined with other extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) (defined as LNTB-EPTB). A total of 345 (59.79%, 345/577) LNTB patients had cervical node infection, and the simple LNTB patients (81.63%, 120/147) had higher proportion of this infection than LNTB-PTB (51.71%, 181/350) and LNTB-EPTB (55.00%, 44/80) (both p values <0.017), respectively. LNTB-EPTB was more inclined to have abdominal tuberculous LNs (20%, 16/80) and at least four tuberculous lesions (22.50%, 18/80) than simple LNTB and LNTB-PTB. Seventy-seven (13.34%) and 119 (20.62%) were resistant to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), respectively; 72 (12.48%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), and a total of 150 (26.00%) were DR (resistant to at least one of RIF, INH, ethambutol and streptomycin). LNTB patients aged 30-34 and 50-54 years old (compared to those aged <30 years) were independent predictors of RIF resistance (RR) (ORs were 3.47 and 2.83, respectively; 95% CIs were 1.64-7.35 and 1.08-7.46, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study disclosed the epidemiological and DR characteristics of LNTB in Hunan Province, China. High LNTB prevalence was found in younger people while high RR LNTB prevalence was found in older ones, suggesting that we should conduct further studies to clarify the occurrence of RR in LNTB, meanwhile, strengthen the diagnoses and treatments of LNTB to prevent the emergence of RR.
摘要：
<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Despite of growing evidence linking silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), one of the global-top-three-produced and -used nanoparticle (NP), to human health risks, there remain many knowledge gaps over the adverse effects of SiNPs exposure on cardiovascular system and the underlying molecular mechanisms.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the ferroptotic effects of SiNPs (20 nm; 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the possible molecular mechanism were studied with the corresponding biochemical and molecular biology assays.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion</jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that at the tested concentrations, SiNPs could decrease HUVEC viability, but the deferoxamine mesylate (an iron ion chelator) might rescue this reduction of cell viability. Also, increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and enhanced mRNA expression of lipid oxidation enzymes (ACSL4 and LPCAT3) with increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), but decreased ratios of intracellular GSH/total-GSH and mitochondrial membrane potential as well as reduced enzymatic activities of anti-oxidative enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-PX), were found in the SiNPs-treated HUVECs. Meanwhile, increase in p38 protein phosphorylation and decrease in NrF2 protein phosphorylation with reduced mRNA expressions of downstream anti-oxidative enzyme genes (CAT, SOD1, GSH-PX, and GPX4) was identified in the SiNPs-exposed HUVECs. These data indicated that SiNPs exposure might induce ferroptosis in HUVECs <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> p38 inhibiting NrF2 pathway. Ferroptosis of HUVECs will become a useful biomarker for assessing the cardiovascular health risks of environmental contaminants.</jats:p></jats:sec>
摘要：
<jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy (VH) on COVID-19 vaccination still exists in different populations, which has a negative impact on epidemic prevention and control. The objectives were to explore college students' willingness to vaccinate, determine the factors influencing the vaccination behavior of students with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and provide a basis for improving the compliance of college students with COVID-19 vaccination.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The universities in Wuhan are categorized into three levels according to their comprehensive strength and randomly sampled at each level, of which ten universities were selected. A self-designed anonymous electronic questionnaire was distributed online from May 12 to 31, 2021 to investigate the hesitancy, vaccination status, and influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccination among college students in Wuhan.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Of the 1,617 participants (1,825 students received the electronic questionnaire) surveyed, 19.0% reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Among the vaccine-hesitant students, 40.1% were vaccinated against COVID-19. The binary logistic regression analysis shows that families' attitudes “Uncertain” (odds ratio (OR) = 0.258 [0.132–0.503]), vaccination risk psychology (OR = 0.242 [0.079–0.747]) and wait-and-see mentality (OR = 0.171 [0.068–0.468]) are negative factors for the vaccination behavior of hesitant students, while herd mentality (OR = 7.512 [2.718–20.767]) and uncertainty of free policy's impact on vaccine trust (OR = 3.412 [1.547–7.527]) are positive factors.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>The vaccine hesitancy among college students in Wuhan was relatively high. Family support, herd mentality and free vaccination strategies can help improve vaccination among hesitant students, while vaccination risk psychology and “wait-and-see” psychology reduce the possibility of vaccination. The vaccination strategy of college students should be strengthened from the perspective of social psychological construction.</jats:p></jats:sec>
摘要：
<jats:p>To demonstrate the trends of hypercholesterolemia change in Shenzhen, China from 1997 to 2018. Participants were residents aged 18 to 69 years in Shenzhen, China, and were recruited using multi-stage cluster sampling. All participants were surveyed about their socio-demographics, lifestyle, occupation, mental health, and social support. Physical measurements and blood samples for subsequent measurements were collected according to a standardized protocol. A total of 26,621 individuals participated in the three surveys with 8,266 in 1997, 8,599 in 2009, and 9,756 in 2018. In both women and men, there was a significant downward linear trend in age-adjusted mean high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) from 1997 to 2018 (women: 0.17 ± 0.06, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.008 vs. men: 0.21 ± 0.04, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). In contrast, the age-adjusted total triglycerides and total cholesterol in both sexes have demonstrated an increasing trend in the past two decades. However, no significant changes in age-adjusted low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in both men and women between 2009 and 2018 were found (women: 0.00 ± 0.02, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.85 vs. men 0.02 ± 0.03, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.34). The age-adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia observed a rapid rise from 1997 to 2009 and appeared to be stabilized in 2018, which was similar to the trend of the prevalence of high total triglycerides in women. Changes in trends were varied by different types of lipids traits. Over the observed decades, there was a clear increasing trend of prevalence of low HDL-C (&lt;1.04 mmol/L) in both sexes (women: 8.8% in 1997 and doubled to reach 17.5% in 2018 vs. men was 22.1% in 1997 and increased to 39.1% in 2018), particularly among younger age groups. Hence, a bespoke public health strategy aligned with the characteristics of lipids epidemic considered by sex and age groups needs to be developed and implemented.</jats:p>
摘要：
Purpose: To explore the esophageal cancer (EC) incidence and mortality trends and risk factors in China during 2005-2015. Materials and Methods: The data were stratified by area (urban, rural), gender (male, female), and age groups (0 similar to, 5 similar to, ..., 85 similar to). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR), age-specific incidence and mortality were calculated to describe the trends, which were analyzed by Joinpoint software, negative binomial regression model, and age-period-cohort model. Results: Trends in EC ASIR decreased markedly during 2010-2015 (APC=-6.14%, P<0.05), and the average annual percent change (AAPC) value was -8.07% (95% confidence interval (CI): -9.98 similar to-6.12) for rural areas during 2005-2015. The ASMR was on a fast-downward trend after 2011 (APC=-6.67%, P<0.05), with AAPC values of -1.34% (95% CI: - 2.56 similar to-0.19) for males, -3.39% (95% CI: -5.65, -1.07) for females, and -9.67% (95% CI: - 10.56 similar to-8.77) for rural areas during 2005-2015. The age-specific incidence and mortality increased with age. The risk of EC for males was 3.1675 times higher than females (P<0.001), and for urban areas, it was 0.58 times larger than rural (P<0.001). The age and period effects presented an increasing trend, with a decreasing trend for the cohort effects in incidence and mortality risk. Later birth cohorts presented lower risks than previous birth cohorts. Conclusion: ASIR and ASMR in China are higher in males than females, and higher in rural than urban areas, which have decreased during 2005-2015, especially in rural areas. The incidence increased with age up to the peak age group of 75. Area, gender, and age were independent risk factors for EC incidence.
摘要：
Flood is one of the most common and severe forms of natural disasters. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common disorder among victims of various disasters including flood. Early prediction for PTSD could benefit the prevention and treatment of PTSD. This study aimed to establish a prediction model for the occurrence of PTSD among adults in flood districts. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2000 among individuals who were affected by the 1998 floods in Hunan, China. Multi-stage sampling was used to select subjects from the flood-affected areas. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. PTSD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Study subjects were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 was used to establish the prediction model and group 2 was used to validate the model. We first used the logistic regression analysis to select predictive variables and then established a risk score predictive model. The validity of model was evaluated by using the model in group 2 and in all subjects. The area under the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. A total of 2336 (9.2%) subjects were diagnosed as probable PTSD-positive individuals among a total of 25,478 study subjects. Seven independent predictive factors (age, gender, education, type of flood, severity of flood, flood experience, and the mental status before flood) were identified as key variables in a risk score model. The area under the ROC curve for the model was 0.853 in the validation data. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this risk score model were 84.0%, 72.2%, 23.4%, and 97.8%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 67.5 in the validation data. A simple risk score model can be used to predict PTSD among victims of flood.
期刊：
Annals of Epidemiology,2007年17(10):827-833 ISSN：1047-2797
通讯作者：
Tan, Hongzhuan
作者机构：
Cent S Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Nanhua Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Hengyang, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ Ottawa, OMNI Res Grp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fac Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada.;Shanxi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Stat, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Peoples R China.;[Tan, Hongzhuan] Cent S Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Xiangya Rd 110, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tan, Hongzhuan] C;Cent S Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Xiangya Rd 110, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Epidemiology;Floods;Posttraumatic Stress Disorder;Social Support
摘要：
PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among flood victims. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2000 among individuals who had suffered floods in 1998 in Hunan, China. Multistage sampling was used to select the subjects from the flood-affected areas. PTSD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria, and social support was measured according to a social support rating scale. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the relationship between social support and PTSD. RESULTS: Out of a total of 25,478 subjects interviewed, 2336 (9.7%) were diagnosed as having PTSD. PTSD was significantly associated with total social support (odds ratio [OR] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.82), subjective support (OR 0.48, 95%CI, 0.44-0.52), and support utilization (OR 0.53, 95%CI, 0.49-0.57). CONCLUSION: PTSD in flood victims is significantly associated with social support; subjective support and support utilization may play more important roles in mitigating the impact of flood than objective support. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
