摘要：
Flood is one of the most common and severe forms of natural disasters. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common disorder among victims of various disasters including flood. Early prediction for PTSD could benefit the prevention and treatment of PTSD. This study aimed to establish a prediction model for the occurrence of PTSD among adults in flood districts. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2000 among individuals who were affected by the 1998 floods in Hunan, China. Multi-stage sampling was used to select subjects from the flood-affected areas. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. PTSD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Study subjects were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 was used to establish the prediction model and group 2 was used to validate the model. We first used the logistic regression analysis to select predictive variables and then established a risk score predictive model. The validity of model was evaluated by using the model in group 2 and in all subjects. The area under the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. A total of 2336 (9.2%) subjects were diagnosed as probable PTSD-positive individuals among a total of 25,478 study subjects. Seven independent predictive factors (age, gender, education, type of flood, severity of flood, flood experience, and the mental status before flood) were identified as key variables in a risk score model. The area under the ROC curve for the model was 0.853 in the validation data. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this risk score model were 84.0%, 72.2%, 23.4%, and 97.8%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 67.5 in the validation data. A simple risk score model can be used to predict PTSD among victims of flood.
摘要：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among high school students and to provide a basis for health education on HPV infection for high school students in China. STUDY DESIGN: A ques- awareness of tionnaire on HPV awareness and knowledge was adminis- provide the tered to 900 high school students in Xiangtan City of Hunan Province in China by layer cluster sampling. A total of 848 anonymous valid questionnaires were received from volunteers who cornpleted the questionnaire correctly. RESULTS: Only 10.1% had heard of HPV, and of those only 18.6% knew that HPV could lead to cervical cancer. Single factor analysis indicated that home address, age, grade, academic achievement, sex history, gender, father's education level and mother's education level were impact factors for HPV knowledge of high school students. Multiple regression analysis showed 4 independent risk factors associated with HPV knowledge: academic achievement, sex history, gender, and mother's education level. The limited knowledge came primarily frorri television and radio broadcasts (59.3%), the Internet (57.0%), parents (25.6%), medical workers (20.9%), and teachers (18.6%). CONCLUSION: High school students lack HPV people's knowledge, which is affectand CC can ed by multiple factors. Targeted health education of for targeted all sorts must be provided. Both schools and families are responsible for reinforcing HPV education provided to high school students.
摘要：
Previous studies have shown that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (RSD) exerts a detrimental effect on some memory tasks. However, whether post-learning RSD impairs memory for fear extinction, an important model of inhibitory learning, remains to be elucidated. The present study examined the effects of post-extinction RSD from 0 to 6 h and 6 to 12 h on recall of fear extinction tested 24 h after extinction training. We found that RSD from 0 to 6 h significantly increased freezing when recall of extinction of cued fear was tested in the context in which rats received extinction training whereas RSD from 6 to 12 h had no effect (experiments 1 and 2, two hippocampus-independent memory tasks). RSD at either time point had no effect on freezing when recall of extinction of cued fear was tested in the context different from that in which extinction training occurred (experiment 3, a hippocampus-dependent memory task). Additionally, we observed no effect of RSD at either time point on freezing during recall test for extinction of contextual fear (experiment 4, a hippocampus-dependent memory task). These results suggest that the effects of post-extinction RSD on memory for fear extinction are complex. RSD impairs recall of fear extinction in hippocampus-independent tasks, but does not affect recall of fear extinction in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Our findings extend previous research on the effects of RSD on learning and memory and support the notion that REM sleep is involved in memory process of certain tasks. (c) 2006 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among flood victims. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2000 among individuals who had suffered floods in 1998 in Hunan, China. Multistage sampling was used to select the subjects from the flood-affected areas. PTSD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria, and social support was measured according to a social support rating scale. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the relationship between social support and PTSD. RESULTS: Out of a total of 25,478 subjects interviewed, 2336 (9.7%) were diagnosed as having PTSD. PTSD was significantly associated with total social support (odds ratio [OR] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.82), subjective support (OR 0.48, 95%CI, 0.44-0.52), and support utilization (OR 0.53, 95%CI, 0.49-0.57). CONCLUSION: PTSD in flood victims is significantly associated with social support; subjective support and support utilization may play more important roles in mitigating the impact of flood than objective support. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
