Purpose: To explore the esophageal cancer (EC) incidence and mortality trends and risk factors in China during 2005-2015. Materials and Methods: The data were stratified by area (urban, rural), gender (male, female), and age groups (0 similar to, 5 similar to, ..., 85 similar to). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR), age-specific incidence and mortality were calculated to describe the trends, which were analyzed by Joinpoint software, negative binomial regression model, and age-period-cohort model. Results: Trends in EC ASIR decreased markedly during 2010-2015 ...