作者机构：
[Ouyang, Yanquan; Xie, Xiangmin; He, Jiakun; He, Bo] Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Design and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China;[Tang, Xian] Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Design and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China. Electronic address: xiantang@usc.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Tang, Xian] K;Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Design and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China. Electronic address:
关键词：
Black phosphorene;Electrochemical sensing;Nucleophilic substitution;Oligonucleotide;Uranyl ion
摘要：
The development of efficient, sensitive and rapid uranyl ion (UO 2 2+ ) detection technology plays a critical role in promoting the utilization of uranium resources and protecting the environment. In this study, a novel composite of BP-mPEG-Olig was synthesized by immobilizing oligonucleotides (Oligs) on black phosphorene (BP), using maleimide-polyethylene glycol (mPEG) as both the linker and passivator. BP-mPEG-Olig utilizes the excellent electrical conductivity and high specific surface area of BP and the high affinity and molecular recognition capability of Oligs for electrochemical UO 2 2+ sensing. Multiple material characterizations, including small-angle X-ray scattering, revealed the morphology and microstructures of BP-mPEG-Olig. The high electrochemical activity of BP-mPEG-Olig was achieved by abundant active reactions sites and rational charge transport. By systematically optimizing the detection conditions of differential pulse voltammetry, including electrode modification density, pH, temperature, and enrichment time, the developed electrochemical UO 2 2+ sensor based on the BP-mPEG-Olig modified glassy carbon electrode demonstrated a linear detection range of 7.4 × 10 −8 ‒6.66 × 10 −7 M and a detection limit of 2.36 × 10 −10 M. The sensor showed good reproducibility and stability for real-world samples. The results indicate that post-graphene two-dimensional materials, represented by BP, have important prospects for the detection of trace uranium and other low-level radioactive elements where chemical sensors are applicable.
The development of efficient, sensitive and rapid uranyl ion (UO 2 2+ ) detection technology plays a critical role in promoting the utilization of uranium resources and protecting the environment. In this study, a novel composite of BP-mPEG-Olig was synthesized by immobilizing oligonucleotides (Oligs) on black phosphorene (BP), using maleimide-polyethylene glycol (mPEG) as both the linker and passivator. BP-mPEG-Olig utilizes the excellent electrical conductivity and high specific surface area of BP and the high affinity and molecular recognition capability of Oligs for electrochemical UO 2 2+ sensing. Multiple material characterizations, including small-angle X-ray scattering, revealed the morphology and microstructures of BP-mPEG-Olig. The high electrochemical activity of BP-mPEG-Olig was achieved by abundant active reactions sites and rational charge transport. By systematically optimizing the detection conditions of differential pulse voltammetry, including electrode modification density, pH, temperature, and enrichment time, the developed electrochemical UO 2 2+ sensor based on the BP-mPEG-Olig modified glassy carbon electrode demonstrated a linear detection range of 7.4 × 10 −8 ‒6.66 × 10 −7 M and a detection limit of 2.36 × 10 −10 M. The sensor showed good reproducibility and stability for real-world samples. The results indicate that post-graphene two-dimensional materials, represented by BP, have important prospects for the detection of trace uranium and other low-level radioactive elements where chemical sensors are applicable.
摘要：
Ruthenium removal from complex solutions (highly saline effluents, seawater) is a critical challenge. Herein, the sorption capacity of chitosan/SiO2 composite beads (Ch-Si) for ruthenium nitrosyl is increased three-fold after phosphoramidate grafting (DPA-Ch-Si, 1.6 mmol Ru g−1) at pH 5. Uptake kinetics and sorption isotherms are compared at pH0: 3, 5 and 10; playing with the mode of agitation (mechanical, MA, vs. ultrasonic treatment, UT). The sorbent maintains good sorption capacities at pH 3 and 10. Uptake kinetics modeled by pseudo-first order rate equation is boosted by functionalization. For Ch-Si, sorption isotherms are modeled by the Langmuir or Sips equations (depending on the pH), while for DPA-Ch-Si the best fits depend on pH, temperature and mode of agitation. Ruthenium sorption is spontaneous and endothermic for the two sorbents. For DPA-Ch-Si, the sorption capacity increases from 1.62 to 1.70 mmol Ru g−1 to 2.23–2.32 mmol Ru g−1 (T increasing from 21 to 50 °C). Nitric acid solution (0.3 M) reveals highly efficient for back extraction; ruthenium is completely released in <15 min. The functionalized sorbent can be reused for a minimum of 10 cycles, with limited loss in performance. Phosphoramidation improves sorption selectivity for the treatment of equimolar multicomponent solutions (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, U, and Nd). The effect of pH on sorption selectivity is evaluated in simple multi-metal solutions and complex environment. In seawater, the selective recovery of ruthenium is favored at pH close to 10. These tests confirm the promising perspectives offered for ruthenium removal from complex environments. Physicochemical characterizations of the sorbent (and their modes of interaction with ruthenium nitrosyl) included SEM, BET, TGA, FTIR, XPS, and elemental analyses.
Ruthenium removal from complex solutions (highly saline effluents, seawater) is a critical challenge. Herein, the sorption capacity of chitosan/SiO2 composite beads (Ch-Si) for ruthenium nitrosyl is increased three-fold after phosphoramidate grafting (DPA-Ch-Si, 1.6 mmol Ru g−1) at pH 5. Uptake kinetics and sorption isotherms are compared at pH0: 3, 5 and 10; playing with the mode of agitation (mechanical, MA, vs. ultrasonic treatment, UT). The sorbent maintains good sorption capacities at pH 3 and 10. Uptake kinetics modeled by pseudo-first order rate equation is boosted by functionalization. For Ch-Si, sorption isotherms are modeled by the Langmuir or Sips equations (depending on the pH), while for DPA-Ch-Si the best fits depend on pH, temperature and mode of agitation. Ruthenium sorption is spontaneous and endothermic for the two sorbents. For DPA-Ch-Si, the sorption capacity increases from 1.62 to 1.70 mmol Ru g−1 to 2.23–2.32 mmol Ru g−1 (T increasing from 21 to 50 °C). Nitric acid solution (0.3 M) reveals highly efficient for back extraction; ruthenium is completely released in <15 min. The functionalized sorbent can be reused for a minimum of 10 cycles, with limited loss in performance. Phosphoramidation improves sorption selectivity for the treatment of equimolar multicomponent solutions (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, U, and Nd). The effect of pH on sorption selectivity is evaluated in simple multi-metal solutions and complex environment. In seawater, the selective recovery of ruthenium is favored at pH close to 10. These tests confirm the promising perspectives offered for ruthenium removal from complex environments. Physicochemical characterizations of the sorbent (and their modes of interaction with ruthenium nitrosyl) included SEM, BET, TGA, FTIR, XPS, and elemental analyses.
通讯机构：
[Liu, HB ] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect Engn, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.
摘要：
A numerical study of helicon wave heating and current driving for the HL-2M steady-state scenario has been performed. Numerical calculations based on fast wave theory show that the high frequency plays a significant role, which results in a predominance of electron absorption and negligible ion absorption. The calculations also show that the desired strong absorption region can be achieved when the frequency is greater than 420 MHz and the electron beta is higher than 1.8%. The helicon wave propagation and current drive have been simulated using GENRAY, CQL3D, and AORSA codes. Modeling analysis indicates that both the amplitude and location of the current drive simulated by these codes are in good agreement. These models also demonstrate that a remarkable off-axis current drive with a good efficiency can be obtained. Extensive scanning calculations of the wave frequency, the parallel refractive index (n & Vert;), and the poloidal location of the antenna have been conducted using GENRAY. Detailed analysis of the scanned data found that the current profile can be flexibly controlled by changing the wave frequency and the poloidal location. A smaller launched n(& Vert;) causes a part of the current to be on-axis and an increase in the total current. The helicon wave launched at or over the midplane with f = 500 MHz and n(& Vert;) = 3.8 may be a feasible scheme for HL-2M tokamaks. (c) 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275569
摘要：
Water hyacinth is recognized as one of the top ten invasive weeds that pose significant environmental hazards globally. The resourceful utilization of water hyacinth offers substantial ecological benefits. In this work, water hyacinth is employed to synthesize a phosphorylated biochar for the efficient decontamination of uranium-containing radioactive wastewater, thereby achieving dual environmental benefits. The biochar with a large specific surface area of 1328 m2/g and a large pore volume of 0.94 cm3/g is obtained via carbonization of a freeze-dried water hyacinth-phytic acid composite. It possesses a high density of uranophilic phosphoric acid groups, with the surface phosphorus content reaching 0.78 at%. As anticipated, phosphorylated biochar demonstrates superior adsorption performance for uranium (VI) ions. The removal efficiency achieves 99 % in a uranium solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L at a dosage of 1.0 g/L within 30 minutes, while the maximum adsorption capacity reaches 478 mg/g. It is proficient in removing uranium across a pH range of 2.2–6.6 and exhibits tolerance under high ionic strength conditions. The distribution coefficient for uranium attains 28.5 L/g, which is significantly higher than that of many other metal ions. Moreover, the biochar is readily regenerated by elution with diluted HNO₃ and reused up to five times without any loss of efficiency. Delightfully, phosphorylated biochar effectively reduces the uranium concentration in actual nuclear wastewater from 16 μg/L to below 4 μg/L. The effective adsorptive decontamination of radioactive wastewater, followed by the incineration of spent biochar, significantly reduces the volume of radioactive waste.
Water hyacinth is recognized as one of the top ten invasive weeds that pose significant environmental hazards globally. The resourceful utilization of water hyacinth offers substantial ecological benefits. In this work, water hyacinth is employed to synthesize a phosphorylated biochar for the efficient decontamination of uranium-containing radioactive wastewater, thereby achieving dual environmental benefits. The biochar with a large specific surface area of 1328 m2/g and a large pore volume of 0.94 cm3/g is obtained via carbonization of a freeze-dried water hyacinth-phytic acid composite. It possesses a high density of uranophilic phosphoric acid groups, with the surface phosphorus content reaching 0.78 at%. As anticipated, phosphorylated biochar demonstrates superior adsorption performance for uranium (VI) ions. The removal efficiency achieves 99 % in a uranium solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L at a dosage of 1.0 g/L within 30 minutes, while the maximum adsorption capacity reaches 478 mg/g. It is proficient in removing uranium across a pH range of 2.2–6.6 and exhibits tolerance under high ionic strength conditions. The distribution coefficient for uranium attains 28.5 L/g, which is significantly higher than that of many other metal ions. Moreover, the biochar is readily regenerated by elution with diluted HNO₃ and reused up to five times without any loss of efficiency. Delightfully, phosphorylated biochar effectively reduces the uranium concentration in actual nuclear wastewater from 16 μg/L to below 4 μg/L. The effective adsorptive decontamination of radioactive wastewater, followed by the incineration of spent biochar, significantly reduces the volume of radioactive waste.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Le; Cai, Fei-Yang] Hubei Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Sci, Huangshi 435002, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Xun; Chen, X] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, X ] U;Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
holographic QCD;hybrid potential;heavy quark
摘要：
Using gauge/gravity duality, we studied the exotic hybrid pseudopotentials at finite temperature and chemical potential. The Sigma hybrid meson can be described by a model including an object called "defect'' on a string linking the quark and antiquark. The Sigma(-)(u) hybrid potential at zero temperature and chemical potential was first proposed by Andreev and is perfectly described. In this study, we extended the aforementioned model to finite chemical potential and compared the separate distance and pseudopotentials of Sigma(+)(g) and Sigma u-. Unlike the Sigma(+)(g) ground state, the Sigma(-)(u) hybrid pseudopotentials no longer exhibit Coulomb-like behavior at short distances. In addition, temperature and chemical potential have a significant impact on the Sigma(-)(u) hybrid pseudopotentials. The screen distances and hybrid pseudopotentials of Sigma(-)(u) significantly decrease when increasing temperature and chemical potential. We represented the melting diagram of Sigma(+)(g) and Sigma(-)(u) in the T-mu plane and confirmed that the quark-antiquark pair in Sigma(-)(u) excited state is easier to melt than that in Sigma(+)(g) ground state.
作者：
Guo, Xi;Contreras, Miguel Angel Martin;Chen, Xun;Xiang, Dong
期刊：
中国物理C(英文),2025年49(1):013104 ISSN：1674-1137
通讯作者：
Guo, X
作者机构：
[Guo, Xi; Chen, Xun; Xiang, Dong; Contreras, Miguel Angel Martin; Guo, X] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Guo, X ] U;Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
baryon spectroscopy;AdS/QCD;holographic QCD
摘要：
In this study, we discuss the description of neutral Sigma baryons with I(J(P))= 1(1/2(+))and I(J(P)) = 1(3/2(+)) using two bottom-up approaches: the deformed background and static dilaton models. In both models, we consider a non-linear Regge trajectory extension motivated by the strange nature of Sigma baryons. We find that both models describe these systems with an RMS error smaller than 10%. We also perform a configurational entropy calculation in both models to discuss hadronic stability.
期刊：
Chemical Engineering Journal,2025年505:159469 ISSN：1385-8947
通讯作者：
Guibal, E;Hamza, MF
作者机构：
[Salih, Khalid A. M.; Zhou, Kanggen] Cent South Univ, Sch Met & Environm, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Guibal, Eric; Guibal, E] IMT Mines Ales, Polymers Compos & Hybrids PCH, Ales, France.;[Basiony, Ebtesam A.; Nassar, Lobna A.; Abdel-Rahman, Adel A. -H.] Menoufia Univ, Fac Sci, Chem Dept, Shibin Al Kawm 32511, Egypt.;[Ning, Shunyan; Wei, Yuezhou; Hamza, Mohammed F.; Hamza, MF] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Heng Yang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Yuezhou] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hamza, MF ] U;[Guibal, E ] I;IMT Mines Ales, Polymers Compos & Hybrids PCH, Ales, France.;Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Heng Yang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Carbamoylacetamide derivative grafted-chitosan;Enhancing U(VI) sorption by ion imprinting: improved uptake kinetics and selectivity;Comparative studies of ion-imprinting and non-imprinting sorbents;Remarkable stability after 10 cycles of sorption and desorption;Efficient uranium recovery from acidic ore leachate
摘要：
Uranium recovery from complex effluents requires the combination of different processes including metal sorption from low-concentration solutions containing several competitor metal ions. The design of efficient sorbents (BTC/CH(s), 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-carbamoyl acetamide grafted chitosan) that combine both high sorption capacity and high selectivity was achieved by adopting a dual strategy: (a) selecting efficient functional groups (amine, amide, thioester, and hydroxyl groups, in BTC/CH sorbents), and (b) adapting the arrangement of reactive groups appropriately to fit the specific shape of the complexes (ion-imprinting IP vs. non-ion-imprinted NIP materials). This dual strategy was applied to design a chitosan-based sorbent with high sorption capacity (≈1.5 mmol U g −1 ), fast uptake (equilibrium: 15–20 min), remarkable stability (limited loss of performances after 10 reuse cycles), and strong selectivity (tested on both equimolar multi-component solutions and pre-treated acid leachate), at moderately acidic pH (i.e., 4). Ion-templating strategy effectively improved selectivity by 5–10-folds. Uptake kinetics was fitted by the pseudo-first order rate equation, while the sorption isotherms were finely simulated by the Temkin equation. The sorption was exothermic, spontaneous, and the ion-templating allowed reaching more organized structure. The sorbent was highly selective against base metals, alkali and alkali-earth metals, but less efficient for the separation from thorium or rare-earth elements. The sorbent was successfully used for the recovery of residual uranyl from acidic leachates pre-treated with resins (Amberlite IRA-400 and DOWEX 50, for the recovery of U and rare-earth elements, respectively) and precipitation step (removal of Al(III)/Fe(III) at pH 4). The sorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and XPS spectroscopy for analyzing the chemical structure of the materials and identifying their interactions with U(VI). Textural properties and pHpzc values were analyzed for supporting sorption behaviors.
Uranium recovery from complex effluents requires the combination of different processes including metal sorption from low-concentration solutions containing several competitor metal ions. The design of efficient sorbents (BTC/CH(s), 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-carbamoyl acetamide grafted chitosan) that combine both high sorption capacity and high selectivity was achieved by adopting a dual strategy: (a) selecting efficient functional groups (amine, amide, thioester, and hydroxyl groups, in BTC/CH sorbents), and (b) adapting the arrangement of reactive groups appropriately to fit the specific shape of the complexes (ion-imprinting IP vs. non-ion-imprinted NIP materials). This dual strategy was applied to design a chitosan-based sorbent with high sorption capacity (≈1.5 mmol U g −1 ), fast uptake (equilibrium: 15–20 min), remarkable stability (limited loss of performances after 10 reuse cycles), and strong selectivity (tested on both equimolar multi-component solutions and pre-treated acid leachate), at moderately acidic pH (i.e., 4). Ion-templating strategy effectively improved selectivity by 5–10-folds. Uptake kinetics was fitted by the pseudo-first order rate equation, while the sorption isotherms were finely simulated by the Temkin equation. The sorption was exothermic, spontaneous, and the ion-templating allowed reaching more organized structure. The sorbent was highly selective against base metals, alkali and alkali-earth metals, but less efficient for the separation from thorium or rare-earth elements. The sorbent was successfully used for the recovery of residual uranyl from acidic leachates pre-treated with resins (Amberlite IRA-400 and DOWEX 50, for the recovery of U and rare-earth elements, respectively) and precipitation step (removal of Al(III)/Fe(III) at pH 4). The sorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and XPS spectroscopy for analyzing the chemical structure of the materials and identifying their interactions with U(VI). Textural properties and pHpzc values were analyzed for supporting sorption behaviors.
关键词：
Uranium reduction;Cobalt oxides;Oxygen vacancies;Recovery of uranium;Radioactive wastewater
摘要：
As the primary uranium species in aquatic systems, uranyl ions (UO 2 2+ ) readily form stable coordination complexes with organic contaminants, severely compromising the recovery and utilization of uranium. To address this challenge, we developed a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) system featuring oxygen-vacancy-enriched cobalt oxide-modified carbon felt (OvCoO x /CF) as a functional cathode. In this PEC system, the photoanode is photoexcited to generate holes (h + ) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) efficiently decomposing organic substances, thereby releasing uranium from complexes. Concurrently, photogenerated electrons migrate through the external circuit to the OvCoO x /CF cathode, where they reduce and fix the released UO 2 2+ into stable uranium compounds while simultaneously generating electrical output. This synergistic mechanism enables the system to achieve remarkable enhancements in contaminant removal efficiency, with substantial increases in rate constants ( k ) for both uranium reduction and organic degradation. The exceptional uranium extraction performance is primarily attributed to abundant active sites, the lower adsorption energy of UO 2 2+ , and the rapid electron transfer channel introduced by the incorporation of Ov. Notably, the PEC system maintains high efficiency across diverse conditions, including pH fluctuations, high salinity and various organic contaminant species and concentrations. Furthermore, its operational robustness extends to challenging environments such as polluted seawater and natural sunlight exposure. This work establishes a sustainable paradigm for radioactive wastewater remediation, integrating efficient uranium extraction with organic pollutant elimination and in situ electricity generation, offering a transformative solution for nuclear resource recovery and environmental protection.
As the primary uranium species in aquatic systems, uranyl ions (UO 2 2+ ) readily form stable coordination complexes with organic contaminants, severely compromising the recovery and utilization of uranium. To address this challenge, we developed a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) system featuring oxygen-vacancy-enriched cobalt oxide-modified carbon felt (OvCoO x /CF) as a functional cathode. In this PEC system, the photoanode is photoexcited to generate holes (h + ) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) efficiently decomposing organic substances, thereby releasing uranium from complexes. Concurrently, photogenerated electrons migrate through the external circuit to the OvCoO x /CF cathode, where they reduce and fix the released UO 2 2+ into stable uranium compounds while simultaneously generating electrical output. This synergistic mechanism enables the system to achieve remarkable enhancements in contaminant removal efficiency, with substantial increases in rate constants ( k ) for both uranium reduction and organic degradation. The exceptional uranium extraction performance is primarily attributed to abundant active sites, the lower adsorption energy of UO 2 2+ , and the rapid electron transfer channel introduced by the incorporation of Ov. Notably, the PEC system maintains high efficiency across diverse conditions, including pH fluctuations, high salinity and various organic contaminant species and concentrations. Furthermore, its operational robustness extends to challenging environments such as polluted seawater and natural sunlight exposure. This work establishes a sustainable paradigm for radioactive wastewater remediation, integrating efficient uranium extraction with organic pollutant elimination and in situ electricity generation, offering a transformative solution for nuclear resource recovery and environmental protection.
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY,2025年15:1587788 ISSN：2234-943X
作者机构：
[Feng, Xuezhen; Wang, Mingqing; Pan, Yuxi; Yang, Ruijie] Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, China;[Lin, Xinyan] School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China;[Li, Can] Institute of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China;[Zuo, Guoping] School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
摘要：
PURPOSE: 3D U-Net deep neural networks are widely used for predicting radiotherapy dose distributions. However, dose prediction for lung cancer IMRT is limited to conventional radiotherapy, with significant errors in predicting the intermediate and low-dose regions. METHODS: We included a mixed dataset of conventional radiotherapy and simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) radiotherapy with various prescription schemes. In addition to inputting CT images and anatomical structures, we incorporated dose mask information to provide richer local low-dose details. We trained five models with varying numbers of dose masks to investigate their impact on dose prediction models. RESULTS: The inclusion of dose masks led to significant improvements in prediction accuracy for both the PTV and OARs. In particular, the mean absolute error (MAE) of dosimetric metrics for most OARs fell below 2%, and voxel-wise MAE within each structure steadily decreased as more dose masks were supplied-most notably in low-dose regions. These results demonstrate that incorporating dose masks effectively enhances training efficiency and prediction stability. Among models receiving varying numbers of dose masks, the configuration with ten masks achieved the highest predictive accuracy. CONCLUSION: This study proposes a dose mask-assisted method for lung cancer IMRT dose prediction. It demonstrates high accuracy and robustness in clinical radiotherapy scenarios with various prescription schemes, including conventional radiotherapy and SIB. The inclusion of additional dose masks significantly improved model performance, with prediction accuracy increasing as the number of masks increased.
作者：
Pu Jiao;Zi-Rui Hao;Qian-Kun Sun;Long-Xiang Liu;Hang-Hua Xu;...
期刊：
核技术(英文版),2025年36(6):1-1 ISSN：1001-8042
通讯作者：
Gong-Tao Fan<&wdkj&>Chun-Wang Ma
作者机构：
[Yu-Ting Wang; Hui-Ling Wei] School of Physics, Centre for Theoretical Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China;[Zi-Rui Hao; Long-Xiang Liu; Hang-Hua Xu; Yue Zhang] Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China;[Yao Fu] Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China;University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China;College of Physics, Centre for Theoretical Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
通讯机构：
[Gong-Tao Fan; Chun-Wang Ma] S;Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China<&wdkj&>Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China<&wdkj&>University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China<&wdkj&>School of Physics, Centre for Theoretical Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
摘要：
The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching. This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides identification algorithm for portable gamma spectrometers. First, the gamma spectra of 12 target nuclides (including the background case) were measured to create training datasets. The characteristic energies, obtained through energy calibration and full-energy peak addresses, are utilized as input features for a neural network. A large number of single- and multiple-nuclide training datasets are generated using random combinations and small-range drifting. Subsequently, a multi-label classification neural network based on a binary cross-entropy loss function is applied to export the existence probability of certain nuclides. The designed algorithm effectively reduces the computation time and storage space required by the neural network and has been successfully implemented in a portable gamma spectrometer with a running time of
$$t_\text {r}<{2\,\textrm{s}}$$
. Results show that, in both validation and actual tests, the identification accuracy of the designed algorithm reaches 94.8%, for gamma spectra with a dose rate of
$$d\approx {0.5\,\mathrm{\upmu Sv/h}}$$
and a measurement time
$$t_\text {m}={60\,\textrm{s}}$$
. This improves the ability to perform rapid on-site nuclide identification at important sites.
摘要：
In recent years, the development of new types of nuclear reactors, such as transportable, marine, and space reactors, has presented new challenges for the optimization of reactor radiation-shielding design. Shielding structures typically need to be lightweight, miniaturized, and radiation-protected, which is a multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization problem. The conventional multi-objective (two or three objectives) optimization method for radiation-shielding design exhibits limitations for a number of optimization objectives and variable parameters, as well as a deficiency in achieving a global optimal solution, thereby failing to meet the requirements of shielding optimization for newly developed reactors. In this study, genetic and artificial bee-colony algorithms are combined with a reference-point-selection strategy and applied to the many-objective (having four or more objectives) optimal design of reactor radiation shielding. To validate the reliability of the methods, an optimization simulation is conducted on three-dimensional shielding structures and another complicated shielding-optimization problem. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform conventional shielding-design methods in terms of optimization performance, and they exhibit their reliability in practical engineering problems. The many-objective optimization algorithms developed in this study are proven to efficiently and consistently search for Pareto-front shielding schemes. Therefore, the algorithms proposed in this study offer novel insights into improving the shielding-design performance and shielding quality of new reactor types.
摘要：
利用宇宙线缪子对物体成像需要确定缪子的径迹，而对缪子的击中点进行精确定位是缪子径迹重建的关键。当前主流的缪子径迹探测系统需要搭配多路电子学通道才能对缪子的击中点进行精确定位，此类探测系统的构造复杂且成本高昂。为实现简便、低成本且高精度的缪子径迹探测系统设计，本研究基于Geant4软件，对无切割式的方形和圆形塑料闪烁体耦合硅光电倍增器（Silicon Photonmultipliers，SiPMs）的探测器进行模拟研究，使用SiPM收集的光子数和触发SiPM响应的时间作为特征参数，采用人工智能回归算法作为缪子定位的方法。模拟结果表明：以光子数作为特征参数的回归算法中，长短时间记忆（Long Short Term Memory，LSTM）算法在三种回归算法中的精度最高；在LSTM算法下，探测器上表面耦合12个SiPM的位置分辨率可达到厘米级别；当使用光子数和触发时间作为特征参数时，在探测器侧边仅耦合6个SiPM的位置分辨率同样能达到厘米级别，且与大面积塑料闪烁体四角耦合光电倍增管（Photomultiplier Tube，PMT）的探测器在实验中对缪子定位得到的结果吻合。本研究使用LSTM回归算法作为缪子定位算法，提出的在塑料闪烁体侧边耦合6个SiPM的探测器系统结构简便、制造成本低且定位精度达到厘米级别。 您的浏览器不支持 audio 元素。 AI语音播报 Background Facilitating object imaging through the utilization of cosmic-ray muons mandates the precise delineation of muon trajectories, where the pinpoint localization of muon impact points assumes paramount importance for effective muon track reconstruction. Existing muon track detection systems necessitate the integration of multifaceted electronic channels to attain meticulous positioning of muon impact points. The construction of such detection systems is distinguished by its intricacy and entails substantial associated costs. Purpose This study aims to achieve a design for a muon track detection system that is characterized by simplicity, low cost, and high precision. Methods The Geant4 software was applied to the simulation of detectors comprising square and circular plastic scintillators coupled with silicon photon multipliers (SiPMs) without segmentation. The SiPMs was used to collect the number of photons and the time triggering SiPM responsed as characteristic parameters in the simulation, and a uncut square and circular plastic scintillator detector with an area of 200 mm × 200 mm was constructed, with a thickness of 10 mm. The surface was coated with a TiO 2 reflective coating with a thickness of 0.11 mm and a reflectivity of 95%. Then, three types of artificial intelligence regression algorithms, i.e., extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and long short-term memory (LSTM), were employed as the method for muon localization. Results The simulation results demonstrate that LSTM algorithm achieves the highest accuracy among the three regression algorithms when photon number is considered as the characteristic parameter. Specifically, under the LSTM algorithm, the position resolution of a configuration comprising 12 SiPMs coupled to the upper surface of the detector can attain a resolution at the centimeter level. Furthermore, by employing photon number and trigger time as characteristic parameters, the position resolution of a setup involving only 6 SiPMs coupled to the side of the detector also reaches the centimeter level. Remarkably, these results align with the experimental findings obtained from a detector equipped with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) coupled to a large-area plastic scintillator. Conclusions This study employs the LSTM regression algorithm as the muon localization method, proposing a detector system structure for plastic scintillators with 6 SiPMs coupled to the side. The proposed structure is characterized by simplicity, low manufacturing cost, and achieves a positioning accuracy at the centimeter level.
摘要：
利用二维材料锑烯（Antimonene，AM）的高比表面积以及表面轨道杂化能力，采用自组装方法在锑烯表面负载寡核苷酸，并作为特异性识别铀酰离子（UO 2 2+ ）探针用于水体中痕量铀的电化学传感检测。原子力显微镜（Atomic Force Microscopy，AFM）和紫外吸收光谱（Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy，UVAS）测试证实了寡核苷酸在锑烯表面的成功负载；循环伏安（Cyclic Voltammetry）和阻抗谱（Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy，EIS）扫描表明锑烯负载寡核苷酸较单组分寡核苷酸或锑烯的内阻小、电化学活性强。采用差分脉冲伏安法（Differential Pulse Voltammetry，DPV）揭示了电极修饰密度、温度、pH、富集时间等因素对铀酰离子检测性能的影响，并解释了相关机理。进一步评估了基于锑烯负载寡核苷酸探针的电化学传感器的灵敏性、特异性及稳定性，得出的线性范围为1.48×10 -8 ~1.07×10 -7 mol?L -1 ，检出限为2.99×10 -10 mol?L -1 ，并成功在实际水样中进行了检测，为简易高效的铀酰电化学传感器研制提供了新的探针材料设计方案。 您的浏览器不支持 audio 元素。 AI语音播报 Background The detection of trace uranium in water is essential for mitigating health risks associated with uranium exposure. Electrochemical detection presents a promising and efficient approach for the rapid, real-time monitoring of trace uranyl ions (UO?2?) in aqueous environments. Purpose This study aims to utilize the high specific surface area and the hybridization ability of the surface orbitals of antimonene (AM), a two-dimensional material, to load oligonucleotides on the surface of AM by self-assembly method, and to be used as a specific uranyl ion probe for the electrochemical detection of trace uranium in water. Methods First of all, test samples consisted of Uranyl ion (UO 2 2+ ), Oligonucleotide, AM, etc ., were prepared according to strict processing steps. Then, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UVAS) were employed to observe and confirm the successful loading of oligonucleotides on the antimonene surface. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) scans were applied to testing that AM-loaded oligonucleotides were less internally resistive and more electrochemically active than individual oligonucleotides or AM. The effects of electrode modification density, temperature, pH, and enrichment time on the detection performance of uranyl ions were further explored using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) tests. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, and stability of the electrochemical sensors based on AM-loaded oligonucleotide probes were evaluated. Results Test results show that the detection conditions are optimized using the DPV method, and the optimal conditions are found to be a modifier concentration of 0.8 mg?mL -1 , an electrolyte pH of 3.0, a temperature of 30 ℃, and an incubation time of 12 min. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range is 1.48×10 -8 ~1.07×10 -7 mol?L -1 , and the detection limit is 2.99×10 -10 mol?L -1 , along with good reproducibility, selectivity, and reliability for real-water detection. Conclusions A novel strategy for constructing high-performance electrochemical sensors for uranyl ion detection using oligonucleotides proposed in this study presents an innovative probe material design scheme to enable the development of simple, efficient, and flexible electrochemical uranyl sensors for practical applications.
摘要：
We present new data on the
$$^{63}$$
Cu(
$$\gamma$$
, n) cross-section studied using a quasi-monochromatic and energy-tunable
$$\gamma$$
beam produced at the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source to resolve the long-standing discrepancy between existing measurements and evaluations of this cross-section. Using an unfolding iteration method,
$$^{63}$$
Cu(
$$\gamma$$
, n) data were obtained with an uncertainty of less than 4%, and the inconsistencies between the available experimental data were discussed. The
$$\gamma$$
-ray strength function of
$$^{63}$$
Cu(
$$\gamma$$
, n) was successfully extracted as an experimental constraint. We further calculated the cross-section of the radiative neutron capture reaction
$$^{62}$$
Cu(n,
$$\gamma$$
) using the TALYS code. Our calculation method enables the extraction of (n,
$$\gamma$$
) cross-sections for unstable nuclides.
关键词：
硼中子俘获治疗, 蒙特卡罗, 剂量计算, 呼吸运动, Boron neutron capture therapy, Monte Carlo, Dose calculation, Respiratory movement
摘要：
硼中子俘获治疗（Boron Neutron Capture Therapy，BNCT）是一种新兴的放射治疗技术，而呼吸运动是BNCT治疗肺癌影响剂量准确度的关键问题。为了量化呼吸运动对BNCT治疗肺癌的剂量学影响，采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法构建肺癌治疗中肿瘤及器官随呼吸运动时空变化的动态模型，并开展BNCT蒙特卡罗剂量计算。本文基于多功能数智化蒙特卡罗程序平台（Multi-function and Generalized Intelligent Code-bench based on Monte Carlo method, MagicMC），结合描述呼吸运动的高阶余弦函数，建立动态剂量计算模型，采用MagicMC计算呼吸运动三维空间不同运动方向造成的肿瘤及器官剂量误差。结果表明：在一个呼吸周期中，三个运动方向上肿瘤均在50%时相剂量百分差异最大，左右方向（Lateral，LR）为0.310%，前后方向（Anterior-posterior，AP）为5.830%，头脚方向（Superior-inferior，SI）为-2.852%。健康组织器官距照射野距离越近，器官受照剂量率越高，LR方向心脏剂量百分差异最大为2.070%，AP、SI方向右肺剂量百分差异最大分别为4.128%、-11.962%。在BNCT治疗照射时间下，器官AP方向运动对肿瘤剂量影响最大，剂量误差为1.644%。对于健康组织器官，三个运动方向造成的剂量误差均不超过±4%。研究表明，BNCT治疗肺癌时器官呼吸运动会对肿瘤及健康器官所受剂量产生影响，计算结果可为BNCT治疗肺癌剂量精准计算与临床照射剂量修正提供参考。 您的浏览器不支持 audio 元素。 AI语音播报 Background Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is an emerging radiotherapy technique. However, respiratory motion has a critical impact on the dose accuracy in BNCT treatment of lung cancer. Purpose This study aims to quantify the dosimetric impact caused by respiratory motion during BNCT treatment of lung cancer. Methods This study adopted the Monte Carlo simulation method was adopted to develop a dynamic model that captured the spatiotemporal variations of tumors and organs caused by respiratory motion during lung cancer treatment, and performed dose calculations for BNCT. Firstly, the Multi-function and Generalized Intelligent Code-bench based on Monte Carlo method (MagicMC) was employed to model the adult male phantom provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Then, a dynamic dose calculation model was established by incorporating high-order cosine functions that described respiratory motion. Finally, MagicMC was applied to the calculation of the dose errors in tumors and organs resulting from respiratory motion in different directions within three-dimensional space. Results The results indicate that during a respiratory cycle, the tumor in all three motion directions exhibits the largest percentage dose difference at the 50% phase. In the left-right direction (LR), it is 0.310%; in the anterior-posterior direction (AP), it is 5.830%; and in the superior-inferior direction (SI), it is -2.852%. The closer healthy tissues are to the irradiation field, the higher the dose rate they receive. The maximum percentage dose difference for the heart in the LR direction is 2.070%, and the maximum percentage dose differences for the right lung in the AP and SI directions are 4.128% and -11.962%, respectively. During BNCT treatment irradiation, organ motion in the AP direction has the greatest impact on tumor dose, resulting in a dose error of 1.644%. For healthy tissues, the dose errors induced by motion in all three directions remain within ±4%. Conclusions The study demonstrates that organ respiratory motion during BNCT treatment for lung cancer affects the doses received by tumors and healthy tissues, the calculation results can provide a reference for precise dose calculation and clinical irradiation dose correction in BNCT treatment of lung cancer.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, S ; Chen, LW] A;[Chen, LW ] C;[Li, XX ] U;Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;Adv Energy Sci & Technol Guangdong Lab, Huizhou 516000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Classical trajectory Monte Carlo;Heavy ion-water molecule collision;Inelastic cross sections
摘要：
Inelastic collisions are the dominant cause of energy loss in radiotherapy. In the energy range around the Bragg peak, single ionization (SI) and single-electron capture (SC) are the primary inelastic collisions that lead to energy loss. This study employs the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method to study the SI and SC processes of H
$$_{2}$$
O molecules using He
$$^{2+}$$
and C
$$^{6+}$$
projectiles in the energy range of 10 keV/u to 10 MeV/u. The total cross sections, single differential cross sections, impact parameter dependence of SI and SC, and fragmentation cross sections were investigated. Results illustrate that the cross section for SI is the highest when the projectile energy is close to the Bragg peak energy. When the projectile energy is below the Bragg peak energy, the ionized electrons in the forward direction dominate, and the removal of electrons can be associated with large impact parameters. As the projectile energy increases, the emission angle of the electrons gradually transitions from small angles (
$$0^{\circ} \sim 30^{\circ}$$
) to large angles (
$$60^{\circ} \sim 120^{\circ}$$
), and the removal of electrons is associated with small impact parameters. The energy distributions of the ionized electron are similar when the projectile energy is equal to, below or above the Bragg peak energy. The fragmentation cross sections after SI and SC in the energy range around the Bragg peak were also estimated.
摘要：
Mn 0.4 Zn 0.6 Fe 2-2 x Cr 2 x O 4 ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) powder samples were prepared using the sol-gel method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) showed that all samples belong to the cubic spinel crystal system with an Fd-3m space group. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results show that the substitution of Cr leads to a reduction in grain size. The magnetothermal curves obtained from the Multi-Purpose Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS-9) indicated the presence of a spin glass state at low temperatures. With increasing Cr 3+ doping, the Curie temperature decreased and dropped below room temperature at x = 0.4. The unsaturated hysteresis loops of the samples reveal the presence of anomalous paramagnetism below the Curie temperature. Mössbauer spectrum confirmed the coexistence of ferromagnetism and paramagnetism at room temperature. Mössbauer spectrum analysis indicates an interesting superparamagnetic cluster phenomenon caused by the presence of excess non-magnetic ions in the sample. Additionally, Cr doping altered the distribution of metal ions in the samples, causing fluctuations in the area of the superparamagnetic clusters, which verifies that this phenomenon is primarily driven by the magnetic behavior influenced by non-magnetic ions.
Mn 0.4 Zn 0.6 Fe 2-2 x Cr 2 x O 4 ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) powder samples were prepared using the sol-gel method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) showed that all samples belong to the cubic spinel crystal system with an Fd-3m space group. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results show that the substitution of Cr leads to a reduction in grain size. The magnetothermal curves obtained from the Multi-Purpose Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS-9) indicated the presence of a spin glass state at low temperatures. With increasing Cr 3+ doping, the Curie temperature decreased and dropped below room temperature at x = 0.4. The unsaturated hysteresis loops of the samples reveal the presence of anomalous paramagnetism below the Curie temperature. Mössbauer spectrum confirmed the coexistence of ferromagnetism and paramagnetism at room temperature. Mössbauer spectrum analysis indicates an interesting superparamagnetic cluster phenomenon caused by the presence of excess non-magnetic ions in the sample. Additionally, Cr doping altered the distribution of metal ions in the samples, causing fluctuations in the area of the superparamagnetic clusters, which verifies that this phenomenon is primarily driven by the magnetic behavior influenced by non-magnetic ions.
通讯机构：
[Wang, F ] B;Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
摘要：
We conducted a study on the electron stopping power of protons in aluminum at finite electron temperatures, utilizing time-dependent density functional theory nonadiabatically coupled with molecular dynamics. Our investigation focused on protons with initial velocities ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 a.u., providing a wealth of detailed information on the electronic states involved in the stopping process, with exceptional spatial and temporal resolution. Our results show that the electron temperature can significantly effect the electron stopping power. A quantum-blocking mechanism based on a physical picture of electronic transitions in energy levels has been proposed for explaining the phenomenon of electron stopping power decreasing with the increase of target electron temperature.
摘要：
The design of complex reactor shielding structures requires consideration of neutron and photon radiation levels in various regions, as well as trade-offs in weight, volume, and cost, leading to a substantial increase in shielding calculation parameters and optimization objectives. This study introduces a high-dimensional multi-objective shielding optimization method based on a multi-parameter shielding calculation surrogate model, with significant improvements to the FCNN-NSGAIII shielding optimization method which integrates a neural network with a genetic algorithm. For the optimization of complex reactor shielding structures under diverse source item energy spectra, the multi-parameter surrogate model achieves a prediction error reduction of an order of magnitude to 3.65% compared to traditional neural networks. Furthermore, the k_NSGAIII optimization algorithm, enhanced with a knee-point strategy, demonstrates a greater relative set coverage indicator than the NSGAIII algorithm, indicating its ability to identify superior shielding design schemes.
The design of complex reactor shielding structures requires consideration of neutron and photon radiation levels in various regions, as well as trade-offs in weight, volume, and cost, leading to a substantial increase in shielding calculation parameters and optimization objectives. This study introduces a high-dimensional multi-objective shielding optimization method based on a multi-parameter shielding calculation surrogate model, with significant improvements to the FCNN-NSGAIII shielding optimization method which integrates a neural network with a genetic algorithm. For the optimization of complex reactor shielding structures under diverse source item energy spectra, the multi-parameter surrogate model achieves a prediction error reduction of an order of magnitude to 3.65% compared to traditional neural networks. Furthermore, the k_NSGAIII optimization algorithm, enhanced with a knee-point strategy, demonstrates a greater relative set coverage indicator than the NSGAIII algorithm, indicating its ability to identify superior shielding design schemes.
