关键词：
digital main control room;cognitive reliability;human factors issues;human errors;bayesian network
摘要：
Currently, there is a trend in nuclear power plants (NPPs) toward introducing digital and computer technologies into main control rooms (MCRs). Safe generation of electric power in NPPs requires reliable performance of cognitive tasks such as fault detection, diagnosis, and response planning. The digitalization of MCRs has dramatically changed the whole operating environment, and the ways operators interact with the plant systems. If the design and implementation of the digital technology is incompatible with operators' cognitive characteristics, it may have negative effects on operators' cognitive reliability. Firstly, on the basis of three essential prerequisites for successful cognitive tasks, a causal model is constructed to reveal the typical human performance issues arising from digitalization. The cognitive mechanisms which they impact cognitive reliability are analyzed in detail. Then, Bayesian inference is used to quantify and prioritize the influences of these factors. It suggests that interface management and unbalanced workload distribution have more significant impacts on operators' cognitive reliability.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH,2011年65(8):722-726 ISSN：0143-005X
通讯作者：
Wen, S. W.
作者机构：
[Wen, S. W.; Guo, Y.; Walker, M.; Xie, R-H] Univ Ottawa, OMNI Res Grp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fac Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.;[Wen, S. W.; Guo, Y.; Walker, M.; Xie, R-H] Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada.;[Xie, R-H] Huaihua Med Coll, Dept Nursing, Huaihua, Peoples R China.;[Wen, S. W.; Liao, S.; Guo, Y.] Cent S Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xie, H.] Univ S China, Sch Nursing, Hengyang, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wen, S. W.] U;Univ Ottawa, OMNI Res Grp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fac Med, 501 Smyth Rd,Box 241, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
摘要：
Objectives To assess the impact of prenatal and postnatal family support on the association between infant sex and postpartum depression (PPD). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Pregnant women seen at Hunan Maternal and Infant Hospital, the First Affiliated and the Third Affiliated Hospitals of the Central South University in Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China from February to September 2007. Participants 534 Pregnant women who were consecutively recruited from the participating hospital during their prenatal visits at 30-32 weeks of gestation and who completed the 2 weeks postpartum survey, with no recorded major psychiatric disorders and obstetric and/or pregnancy complications. Main outcome measure PPD, which was defined as a score of 13 or higher of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results Postnatal family support scores were much lower in women who gave birth to a female infant, and the OR of PPD was 3.67 (95% CI 2.31 to 5.84) for them as compared to women who gave birth to a male infant. After adjusting by postnatal support from all family members, husband and parents, the ORs of PPD for women who gave birth to a female infant decreased to 2.06 (95% CI 1.20 to 3.53), 2.89 (95% CI 1.76 to 4.77) and 2.20 (95% CI 1.28 to 3.77), respectively. Discussion Increased risk of PPD in Chinese women who gave birth to a female infant can be explained to large extent by inadequate or poor postpartum support from family members, particularly husband and parents.
摘要：
In the system reliability and safety assessment, the focuses are not only the risks caused by hardware or software, but also the risks caused by "human error". There are uncertainties in the traditional human error risk assessment (e.g. HECA) due to the uncertainties and imprecisions in Human Error Probability (HEP), Error-Effect Probability (EEP) and Error Consequence Severity (ECS). While fuzzy logic can deal with uncertainty and imprecision. It is an efficient tool for solving problems where knowledge uncertainty may occur. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new Fuzzy Human Error Risk Assessment Methodology (FHERAM) for determining Human Error Risk Importance (HERI) as a function of HEP, EEP and ECS. The modeling technique is based on the concept of fuzzy logic, which offers a convenient way of representing the relationships between the inputs (i.e. HEP, EEP, and ECS) and outputs (i.e. HERI) of a risk assessment system in the form of IF THEN rules. It is implemented on fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB using Mamdani techniques. A case example is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show that the method is more realistic than the traditional ones, and it is practicable and valuable. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Group decision support;uncertainty;analytic network process;group Fuzzy ANP;aggregation;site remedial countermeasures
摘要：
Handling uncertainty in decision making is recently receiving considerable attention by researchers. Advances in group Fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) are discussed to support decision making because of the complexity and vagueness under uncertainty. An adaptive group Fuzzy ANP group decision support system (DSS) under uncertainty is put forth that makes up for some deficiencies in the conventional ANP. Fuzzy judgments are firstly used when it is difficult to characterize the uncertainty by point-valued judgments due to partially known information, and a bipartite graph is formulated to model the problem of group decision making under uncertainty. Then, a Fuzzy prioritization method is proposed to derive the local priorities from missing or inconsistent Fuzzy pairwise comparison judgments. As a result of the unlikeliness for all the decision makers to evaluate all elements under uncertainty, an original aggregation method is developed to cope with the situation where some of the local priorities are missing. Finally, an evaluation of petroleum contaminated site remedial countermeasures using the proposed group Fuzzy ANP, indicates that the presented group DSS can effectively handle uncertainty and support group decision making with high level of user satisfaction.
作者机构：
[Huang, Fulian; Tian, Shaowen; Yang, Yufeng; Deng, Haifeng; Li, Zengbang; Ouyang, Xinping] Univ S China, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Peng] Univ S China, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tian, Shaowen] U;Univ S China, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Sleep;Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation;Fear memory;Reconsolidation;Rats
摘要：
There is increasing evidence that sleep may be involved in memory consolidation. However, there remain comparatively few studies that have explored the relationship between sleep and memory reconsolidation. At present study, we tested the effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (RSD) on the reconsolidation of cued (experiment 1) and contextual (experiment 2) fear memory in rats. Behaviour procedure involved four training phases: habituation, fear conditioning, reactivation and test. Rats were subjected to 6h RSD starting either immediately after reactivation or 6h later. The control rats were returned to their home cages immediately after reactivation and left undisturbed. Contrary to those hypotheses speculating a potential role of sleep in reconsolidation, we found that post-reactivation RSD whether from 0 to 6h or 6 to 12h had no effect on the reconsolidation of both cued and contextual fear memory. However, our present results did not exclude the potential roles of non-rapid eye movement sleep in the reconsolidation of fear memory or sleep in the reconsolidation of other memory paradigms.
摘要：
Previous studies have shown that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (RSD) exerts a detrimental effect on some memory tasks. However, whether post-learning RSD impairs memory for fear extinction, an important model of inhibitory learning, remains to be elucidated. The present study examined the effects of post-extinction RSD from 0 to 6 h and 6 to 12 h on recall of fear extinction tested 24 h after extinction training. We found that RSD from 0 to 6 h significantly increased freezing when recall of extinction of cued fear was tested in the context in which rats received extinction training whereas RSD from 6 to 12 h had no effect (experiments 1 and 2, two hippocampus-independent memory tasks). RSD at either time point had no effect on freezing when recall of extinction of cued fear was tested in the context different from that in which extinction training occurred (experiment 3, a hippocampus-dependent memory task). Additionally, we observed no effect of RSD at either time point on freezing during recall test for extinction of contextual fear (experiment 4, a hippocampus-dependent memory task). These results suggest that the effects of post-extinction RSD on memory for fear extinction are complex. RSD impairs recall of fear extinction in hippocampus-independent tasks, but does not affect recall of fear extinction in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Our findings extend previous research on the effects of RSD on learning and memory and support the notion that REM sleep is involved in memory process of certain tasks. (c) 2006 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH,2003年40(3):230-236 ISSN：0022-4499
通讯作者：
Bullough, VL
作者机构：
[Bullough, VL] SUNY, New York, NY USA.;[Bullough, VL] Univ So C;[Bullough, VL] 3304 W Sierra Dr, Westlake Village, CA 91362 USA.
通讯机构：
[Bullough, VL] 3;3304 W Sierra Dr, Westlake Village, CA 91362 USA.
会议名称：
Meeting of the Eastern-Region of the Society-for-the-Scientific-Study-of-Sexuality
会议时间：
APR, 2003
会议地点：
BALTIMORE, MD
会议主办单位：
SUNY, New York, NY USA.^Univ So Calif, Northridge, CA 90089 USA.
摘要：
John Money has been a dominant voice in sexology in the last part of the 20th century, breaking new ground in a wide variety of areas. In the process, he has been cantankerous, outspoken, and ever willing to do battle, but also original and thought provoking. This paper begins with an examination of science in general, moves on to psychology and sexology, and then examines Money's contributions to sexology in some detail. The latter are many and varied, including the development of the concept of gender, his theory of gender identity based on his work with intersex individuals, the John-Joan case, and his importance in establishing transsexualism as a diagnostic category and an academic discipline. Also important are his contributions to the development of the nomenclature of sexology, his importance to the sexology movement as a teacher, his significant research on a large variety of sexual topics, his ability to convince government agencies that sex was deserving of funding, and his association with the Erickson Educational Foundation. He also was a significant figure in the development of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS) and in raising the standard of its journal (The Journal of Sex Research), and therefore it is only fitting that an award be named after him. Though Money remains controversial, he has contributed significantly to the development of sexology as a discipline.
作者机构：
[Wang, S] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Syst Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.;Nanhua Univ, Sch Econ & Management, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, S] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Syst Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The effects of Japanese yen's depreciation on Chinese exports in 2002 (only considering the exports of the Mainland of China) are analysed. An AR(2) valuation function for the Chinese exports is constructed. The results on sensitivity tests show that the depreciation of Japanese yen would not bring severe effects on the Chinese exports in 2002, though the increasing trend of Chinese exports would become slower.
期刊：
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine,2001年8(1):1-18 ISSN：1070-5503
通讯作者：
Unger, JB
作者机构：
[Unger, JB; Johnson, CA; Chen, XG; Li, CY; Trinidad, DR; Tran, NT; Lo, AT] Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA;[Li, Y; Gong, J] Wuhan Public Health and Anti-Epidemic Station, Wuhan, China
通讯机构：
[Unger, JB ] ;USC Inst Prevent Res, 1000 S Fremont Ave,Mailbox 8, Alhambra, CA 91803 USA.
摘要：
The associations among stress and adolescent smoking, alcohol use, and depression have been well documented in the United States, but few studies have evaluated the evidence for these associations in Asian cultures. This study developed a scale of stressful life events among 7th-grade adolescents in Wuhan, China. The events reported as most frequent involved bad grades or punishment at school, and the events reported as most severe involved disruptions in family life, such as death, divorce, or disability of parents. Associations were observed between life events (especially negative school-related events) and smoking, alcohol use, and depressive symptoms. Results indicate that school-related stress may lead to substance use and mental health problems among Chinese adolescents.
