作者机构:
[Ma, Q.; Liu, H.; Liu, Y.; Guo, Z.] Univ South China, Sch Nursing, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Z.] Univ South China, Inst Pharm & Pharmacol, Hengyang, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Z. Guo] S;School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
摘要:
Objective: This study aimed to systematically clarify attitudes and influencing factors of the public toward COVID-19 vaccination for children or adolescents. Study design: This was a scoping review. Methods: This scoping review screened, included, sorted, and analyzed relevant studies on COVID-19 vaccination for children or adolescents before December 31, 2021, in databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Wiley. Results: A total of 34 studies were included. The results showed that the public's acceptance rate toward COVID-19 vaccination for children or adolescents ranged from 4.9% (southeast Nigerian mothers) to 91% (Brazilian parents). Parents' or adolescents' age, gender, education level, and cognition and behavior characteristics for the vaccines were the central factors affecting vaccination. The vaccine's safety, effectiveness, and potential side-effects were the main reasons affecting vaccination. Conclusions: Realizing current public attitudes of COVID-19 vaccination for adolescents or children can effectively develop intervention measures and control the pandemic as soon as possible through herd immunity. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要:
This cluster randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of an intervention to teach resourcefulness on depression and coping style of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). A convenience sample of 72 patients in community settings took part. Participants in the intervention group (n = 36) received an 8-week intervention based on the concept of resourcefulness, plus routine health education. Participants in the control group (n = 36) received routine health education only. After the intervention, participants in the intervention group had significantly higher scores on resourcefulness and coping styles, and lower scores on depression than those in the control group (both ps < .001). The findings suggest that a well-developed intervention to teach resourcefulness could help patients with CHD to be more resourceful, improve their level of depression, and choose more effective strategies to cope with stress.
摘要:
Patient empowerment has been shown to have some positive impacts on self-efficacy, self-esteem, and recovery. However, information about the empowerment needs of patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention is scarce. The aim of this study was to develop a Chinese-language instrument to measure empowerment needs of such patients. The initial instrument was generated based on a literature review and interviews with patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention procedure. Content validity was tested with a panel of experts using the Delphi method. In total, 226 patients were recruited for psychometric tests using the revised instrument. Expert authority coefficient was 0.92, and content validity index was 0.95. The internal consistency reliability was demonstrated by Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.86 for the total score, 0.66-0.74 for the dimensions). The newly developed 19-item, five-dimension instrument has shown satisfactory validity (face/content validity and construct validity) and internal consistency reliability. The instrument could help clinical nurses who have close contact with patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention to gain a better understanding of their empowerment needs and could help develop appropriate health education to address such needs.
期刊:
Reviews in the Neurosciences,2020年32(1):79-91 ISSN:0334-1763
通讯作者:
Li, Meixiang;Tan, Sijie
作者机构:
[Tan, Sijie; Li, Meixiang; Tan, SJ; Huang, Zeyi; Wu, Daichao] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Coll, Hunan Prov Cooperat Innovat Ctr Mol Target New Dr, Dept Histol & Embryol,Inst Clin Anat & Reprod Med, 28 W Changsheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Qu, Xilin] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Coll, Hunan Prov Cooperat Innovat Ctr Mol Target New Dr, Grade Clin Med 2017, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zou, Ju] Univ South China, Hengyang Med Coll, Hunan Prov Cooperat Innovat Ctr Mol Target New Dr, Dept Parasitol,Hunan Prov Key Lab Special Pathoge, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Li, MX; Tan, SJ] U;Univ South China, Hengyang Med Coll, Hunan Prov Cooperat Innovat Ctr Mol Target New Dr, Dept Histol & Embryol,Inst Clin Anat & Reprod Med, 28 W Changsheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
addiction;BDNF;nAChRs;nicotine;TrkB
摘要:
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and tobacco addiction has become a serious public health problem. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco, and the majority of people that smoke regularly develop nicotine dependence. Nicotine addiction is deemed to be a chronic mental disorder. Although it is well known that nicotine binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and activates the mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MDS) to generate the pleasant and rewarding effects, the molecular mechanisms of nicotine addiction are not fully understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most prevalent growth factor in the brain, which regulates neuron survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity, mainly through binding to the high affinity receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB). BDNF gene polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence and blood BDNF levels are altered in smokers. In this review, we discussed the effects of nicotine on BDNF expression in the brain and summarized the underlying signaling pathways, which further indicated BDNF as a key regulator in nicotine dependence. Further studies that aim to understand the neurobiological mechanism of BDNF in nicotine addcition would provide a valuable reference for quitting smoking and developing the treatment of other addictive substances.
作者机构:
[Huang, Fulian; Tian, Shaowen; Yang, Yufeng; Deng, Haifeng; Li, Zengbang; Ouyang, Xinping] Univ S China, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Peng] Univ S China, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Tian, Shaowen] U;Univ S China, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Sleep;Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation;Fear memory;Reconsolidation;Rats
摘要:
There is increasing evidence that sleep may be involved in memory consolidation. However, there remain comparatively few studies that have explored the relationship between sleep and memory reconsolidation. At present study, we tested the effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (RSD) on the reconsolidation of cued (experiment 1) and contextual (experiment 2) fear memory in rats. Behaviour procedure involved four training phases: habituation, fear conditioning, reactivation and test. Rats were subjected to 6h RSD starting either immediately after reactivation or 6h later. The control rats were returned to their home cages immediately after reactivation and left undisturbed. Contrary to those hypotheses speculating a potential role of sleep in reconsolidation, we found that post-reactivation RSD whether from 0 to 6h or 6 to 12h had no effect on the reconsolidation of both cued and contextual fear memory. However, our present results did not exclude the potential roles of non-rapid eye movement sleep in the reconsolidation of fear memory or sleep in the reconsolidation of other memory paradigms.
摘要:
Previous studies have shown that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (RSD) exerts a detrimental effect on some memory tasks. However, whether post-learning RSD impairs memory for fear extinction, an important model of inhibitory learning, remains to be elucidated. The present study examined the effects of post-extinction RSD from 0 to 6 h and 6 to 12 h on recall of fear extinction tested 24 h after extinction training. We found that RSD from 0 to 6 h significantly increased freezing when recall of extinction of cued fear was tested in the context in which rats received extinction training whereas RSD from 6 to 12 h had no effect (experiments 1 and 2, two hippocampus-independent memory tasks). RSD at either time point had no effect on freezing when recall of extinction of cued fear was tested in the context different from that in which extinction training occurred (experiment 3, a hippocampus-dependent memory task). Additionally, we observed no effect of RSD at either time point on freezing during recall test for extinction of contextual fear (experiment 4, a hippocampus-dependent memory task). These results suggest that the effects of post-extinction RSD on memory for fear extinction are complex. RSD impairs recall of fear extinction in hippocampus-independent tasks, but does not affect recall of fear extinction in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Our findings extend previous research on the effects of RSD on learning and memory and support the notion that REM sleep is involved in memory process of certain tasks. (c) 2006 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.