作者机构：
[Sheng LU; Yong-qing XU; Ji-hong SHI; Guo-ping CHEN; Yu-bing CHEN] Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital, Chengdu Military command of PLA, Kunming 650032, China;[Yuan-zhi ZHANG] Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital Affiliated to the Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;[Yan-bing LI] Department of Anatomy, Nanhua University, Henyang, China
通讯机构：
[Lu, S.] D;Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital, Chengdu Military Command of PLA, China
关键词：
Bone screws;Lumbar vertebrae;Neuronavigation;Template
摘要：
Objective: To develop a novel method of spinal pedical stereotaxy by reverse engineering and rapid prototyping techniques, and to validate its accuracy by experimental and clinical studies. Methods: A 3D reconstruction model for the desired lumbar vertebra was generated by using the Mimics 10.11 software, and the optimal screw size and orientation were determined using the reverse engineering software. Afterwards, a drill template was created by reverse engineering principle, whose surface was the antitemplate of the vertebral surface. The drill template and its corresponding vertebra were manufactured using the rapid prototyping technique. Results: The accuracy of the drill template was confirmed by drilling screw trajectory into the vertebral biomodel preoperatively. This method also showed its ability to customize the placement and size of each screw based on the unique morphology of the lumbar vertebra.The drill template fits the postural surface of the vertebra very well in the cadaver experiment. Postoperative CT scans for controlling the pedicle bore showed that the personalized template had a high precision in cadaver experiment and clinical application. No misplacement occurred by using the personalized template. During surgery, no additional computer assistance was needed. Conclusions: The authors have developed a novel drill template for lumbar pedicle screw placement with good applicability and high accuracy. The potential use of drill templates to place lumbar pedicle screws is promising. Our methodology appears to provide an accurate technique and trajectory for pedicle screw placement in the lumbar spine.
期刊：
SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY,2008年30(1):77-81 ISSN：0930-1038
通讯作者：
Pei, Guo-xian
作者机构：
[Zhang, Yuan-zhi; Pei, Guo-xian; Li, Jian-wei] So Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Dept Orthopaed & Traumatol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yan-bing] Univ S China, Dept Anat, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Yi-heng] So Med Univ, Inst Anat, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Mao-lin] Wenzhou Med Coll, Dept Anat, Wenzhou, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Pei, Guo-xian] S;So Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Dept Orthopaed & Traumatol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The aim of this study was to establish a 3D digitized model of pelvic vasculature for anatomic study, preoperative planning, and virtual reality. Three adult fresh cadavers were perfused with carboxymethyl cellulose/lead oxide mixture to mark blood vessels, and subjected to multilayer spiral computed tomography scanning to obtain a series of thin sections. Then, the 2D images of the pelvis and pelvic blood vessels were transformed into 3D digitized models using Mimics 11.0. The 2D images of carboxymethyl cellulose/lead oxide filled arteries had the features of entire outline and few constructed defects. The 3D digitized models of the pelvis and pelvic artery system displayed spatial location and the adjacent relationship of arteries with the pelvis. Not only the well-known arteries but also the tiny blood vessels in the reconstructed structures were well demonstrated and observed interactively. The reconstructed tissue flaps, including a lobulated skin flap with the pedicel of superficial epigastric artery, and an iliac flap with the pedicel of deep iliac circumflex artery, demonstrated their blood supply area. This indicated that the modified technique of vascular perfusion with carboxymethyl cellulose/lead oxide and reconstitution with Mimics 11.0 software contributed to 3D digitized model of pelvic vasculature.
作者机构：
[LI Jianwei; CHEN Jionghao; ZHANG Yuanzhi; JIN Dan; PEI Guoxian] Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;[LI Yanbing] Department of Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;[ZHONG Shizhen] Institute of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
通讯机构：
[Guoxian Pei] D;Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
关键词：
Digital technique;Imaging;Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous;Three-dimensional;Virtual Chinese Human
摘要：
Developments of digital technology and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction allowed a precise description of anatomic structures. With the introduction of Visible Human Project and Virtual Chinese Human (VCH) techniques, more detailed anatomic images could be obtained. Digitized visible models of these structures can be applied as a useful tool in clinical training. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the normal structures of thoracodorsal artery in 3D images and to establish the digitized visible models of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LDM) flap. The cross-sectional images from the four VCH datasets were reviewed to study LDM and thoracodorsal artery structures on a section-by-section basis. Next, two adult fresh cadaver specimens were perfused with lead oxide-gelatine mixture and subject to radiographic CT scanning on their torsos. The cross-sectional images from the CT images were reviewed to study thoracodorsal artery structures. Three-dimensional computerized reconstructions of LDM flap structures were conducted from these datasets by using Amira 3.1 (TGS) software respectively. The 3D reconstructed visible models established from these datasets perfectly displayed the anatomic characteristics of LDM flap.
