上海市含碳大气颗粒物的粒径分布
作者：
袁宁;刘卫;赵修良;王广华;姚剑;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2013年34(5):1995-2002 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[袁宁; 赵修良] 南华大学核科学技术学院;[刘卫; 王广华; 姚剑; 曾友石; 刘邃庆] 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所
关键词：
颗粒物;粒径分布;上海
摘要：
使用STAPLEX大流量六级采样器(<0.49 μm、0.49~0.95 μm、0.95~1.5 μm、1.5~3.0 μm、3.0~7.2 μm和>7.2 μm),结合DRI Model 2001热光碳分析仪(TOR),分析了2010年5月~2011年5月期间上海市嘉定区(市郊)、徐汇区(市区)的大气颗粒物样品中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的粒径分布.结果表明,不同粒径的OC和EC质量浓度均呈双峰分布,较高峰出现于<0.49 μm粒径段,次高峰则出现于>3.0 μm的两个粒径段.嘉定区(JD)和徐汇区(XH)PM_(3.0)中OC的质量浓度分别为16.35μg·m~(-3)和11.85μg·m~(-3),EC质量浓度分别为2.22μg·m~(-3)和1.91μg·m~(-3),市郊大气颗粒物中碳组分质量浓度高于市区,说明市郊碳污染更为严重.在<1.5 μm的粒径段,嘉定区OC与EC的同源性较好,表明其中大部分OC来自于燃烧源.两地区不同粒径OC/EC值与不同排放源特征值的对比,可以说明徐汇区更多受到机动车尾气排放和道路扬尘的影响.通过EC示踪法计算二次有机碳(SOC)质量浓度可知:上海市SOC质量浓度较高,PM_(3.0)中达到6.76μg·m~(-3),占OC的质量分数为69%,粒径分布呈双峰分布,峰值位于0.49~0.95 μm和3.0~7.2 μm粒径段.
语种：
中文
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Measuring radon exhalation rate in two cycles avoiding the effects of back-diffusion and chamber leakage
作者：
Tan, Yanliang* ;Xiao, Detao
期刊：
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ,2013年185(10):8759-8765 ISSN：0167-6369
通讯作者：
Tan, Yanliang
作者机构：
[Tan, Yanliang] Hengyang Normal Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.;[Tan, Yanliang; Xiao, Detao] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tan, Yanliang] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Radon exhalation rate;Two cycles;Back-diffusion;Leakage
摘要：
This paper will present a simple method for measuring the radon exhalation rate from the medium surface in two cycles and also avoiding the effects of back-diffusion and chamber leakage. The method is based on a combination of the "accumulation chamber" technique and a radon monitor. The radon monitor performs the measurement of the radon concentration inside the accumulation chamber, and then the radon exhalation rate can be obtained by simple calculation. For reducing the systematic error and the statistical uncertainty, too short of total measurement time is not appropriate, and the first cycle time should be about 70 % of the total measurement. The radon exhalation rate from the medium surface obtained through this method is in good agreement with the reference value. This simple method can be applied to develop and improve the instruments for measuring radon exhalation rate. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
语种：
英文
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Biosorption of Cd(II) by live and dead cells of Bacillus cereus RC-1 isolated from cadmium-contaminated soil
作者：
Huang, Fei;Dang, Zhi* ;Guo, Chu-Ling;Lu, Gui-Ning;Gu, Roy R.;...
期刊：
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces ,2013年107:11-18 ISSN：0927-7765
通讯作者：
Dang, Zhi
作者机构：
[Zhang, Hui; Guo, Chu-Ling; Huang, Fei; Lu, Gui-Ning; Dang, Zhi] S China Univ Technol, Sch Environm & Energy, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Chu-Ling; Lu, Gui-Ning; Dang, Zhi] Minist Educ, Key Lab Pollut Control & Ecosyst Restorat Ind Clu, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Roy R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.;[Liu, Hong-Juan] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Dang, Zhi] S;S China Univ Technol, Sch Environm & Energy, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Bacillus cereus;Biosorption;Cadmium;Dead cells;Live cells
摘要：
The present study investigated the biosorption capacity of live and dead cells of Bacillus cereus RC-1 for Cd(II). The biosorption characteristics were investigated as a function of initial pH, contact time, and initial cadmium concentration. Equilibrium biosorption was modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherm equations. It was found that the maximum biosorption capacities calculated from Langmuir isotherm were 31.95. mg/g and 24.01. mg/g for dead cells and live cells, respectively. The kinetics of the biosorption was better described by pseudo-second order kinetic model. Desorption efficiency of biosorbents was investigated at various pH values. These results indicated that dead cells have higher Cd(II) biosorption capacity than live cells. Furthermore, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were carried out to understand the differences in the Cd(II) biosorption behavior for the both biosorbents. The bioaccumulation of Cd(II) by B. cereus RC-1 was found to depend largely on extracellular biosorption rather than intracellular accumulation. Based on the above studies, dead biomass appears to be a more efficient biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
语种：
英文
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碳同位素比技术定量估算城市大气CO_2的来源
作者：
刘卫;位楠楠;王广华;姚剑;曾友石;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2012年33(4):1041-1049 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海,201800;[位楠楠] 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800／南华大学核科学技术学院,衡阳421001;[曾友石; 刘卫; 李燕; 王广华; 耿彦红; 范雪波; 姚剑] 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所
关键词：
城市大气CO2;来源;时空分布
摘要：
要有效地减少城市碳排放和正确地判断城市现有减排措施的有效性就必须准确地确定城市大气CO2的来源.由于碳同位素比从污染源到受体的传输过程中同位素分馏现象不明显,本研究建立了一套基于碳同位素比技术定量估算城市大气CO2来源的方法,并用该方法初步定量分析了上海市嘉定区大气CO2中来自燃煤、机动车尾气和生物质贡献的时空分布.上海市嘉定区大气CO2的上述3种来源中,生物质的贡献最大.燃煤的贡献在夜间（00：00、04：00和20：00）多于白天（08：00、12：00和16：00）,且随高度的升高而增大;机动车尾气的贡献则随高度的升高而降低.大气CO2浓度时空分布特征体现了上海市郊嘉定区大气CO2的排放特征和各来源的传输特性.
语种：
中文
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Transmission resonances of compound metallic gratings with two subwavelength slits in each period
作者：
Xiang, Dong* ;Wang, Ling-Ling;Li, Xiao-Fei;Wang, Liu;Zhai, Xiang;...
期刊：
Optics Express ,2011年19(3):2187-2192 ISSN：1094-4087
通讯作者：
Xiang, Dong
作者机构：
[Wang, Liu; Zhao, Wei-Wei; Zhai, Xiang; Liu, Zhong-He; Xiang, Dong; Li, Xiao-Fei; Wang, Ling-Ling] Hunan Univ, Sch Phys & Microelect, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Liu; Zhao, Wei-Wei; Zhai, Xiang; Liu, Zhong-He; Xiang, Dong; Li, Xiao-Fei; Wang, Ling-Ling] Hunan Univ, Key Lab Micronano Phys & Technol Hunan Prov, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xiang, Dong] Univ S China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiang, Dong] H;Hunan Univ, Sch Phys & Microelect, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Extraordinary optical transmission;Near infrared radiation;Resonance;Resonant modes;Subwavelength gratings;Subwavelength structures
摘要：
Based on the finite-difference time-domain method, we investigate the transmission resonances of compound metallic gratings with two subwavelength slits filled with different dielectrics inside each period in the visible and near infrared regions. The results show that the transmission spectrum is almost a compound of that of two corresponding simple gratings expect for the transmission feature at a certain resonant wavelength, where the Fabry-Pe´rot (FP)-like phenomena have been found both inside the two slits, but the orders of the FP-like modes are different. If the order of the FP-like mode inside one slit is one bigger than inside the other, the intensity of the transmission will be significantly weakened. We attribute this phenomenon to the phase resonance because the phases at the exits of the two slits are opposite to each other. ©2011 Optical Society of America.
语种：
英文
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微血管中铁磁性药物微粒靶向聚集特性的研究
作者：
李新霞;郭萍;陈铀;熊平
期刊：
生物医学工程学杂志 ,2010年27(3):533-537 ISSN：1001-5515
通讯作者：
Li, X.
作者机构：
[李新霞; 郭萍] 南华大学,核科学技术学院,衡阳,421001;[李新霞] 南华大学,数理学院,衡阳,421001;[郭萍] 中南大学,信息物理工程学院,长沙,410083;[熊平] 中南大学;[陈铀] 南华大学
关键词：
放射性纳米铁核素;靶向治疗;收集率
摘要：
采用数值方法研究包裹有放射性纳米铁核素微粒的抗肿瘤药物在人体微血管中的输运和靶向聚集特征,分析药物在人体微血管中主要受到的外磁场吸引力和血流拖曳力的作用。研究结果表明,药物能够在病灶附近富集。另外,还分别研究了肿瘤的深度、药物中放射性纳米铁核素的含量、血流速度和血管的直径等对药物收集率的影响。
语种：
中文
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上海市大气颗粒物中有机碳(OC)与元素碳(EC)的粒径分布
作者：
王广华;位楠楠;刘卫;林俊;范雪波;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2010年31(9):1993-2001 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[王广华; 刘卫; 林俊; 范雪波; 姚剑; 耿彦红; 李玉兰; 李燕] 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所核分析重点实验室;[位楠楠] 南华大学核科学技术学院
关键词：
有机碳;元素碳;二次有机碳;粒径分布;上海
摘要：
分析了上海市嘉定区不同粒径大气颗粒物(<0.49,0.49~0.95,0.95~1.50,1.50~3.00,3.00~7.20,>7.20μm)中OC和EC质量浓度的粒径分布特征;讨论了不同粒径大气颗粒物中二次有机碳EC示踪法中(OC/EC)pri的选定方法,用改进后的EC示踪法估算出上海市嘉定区大气颗粒物中的二次有机碳(SOC)质量浓度的粒径分布;通过OC和EC的相关性定性分析了上海市嘉定区大气颗粒物的主要来源.上海市嘉定区大气颗粒物中OC和SOC的质量浓度呈双峰分布,峰值出现在<0.49μm与>3.00μm的粒径段,EC出现双峰或三峰分布,与OC相比,更集中在<0.49μm的粒径段.细颗粒(<3.00μm)中OC和EC分别占总OC和EC质量浓度的59.8%~80.0%和58.1%~82.4%,OC和EC的质量浓度主要集中在<3.00μm的颗粒物中.不同粒径颗粒物中SOC占相应粒径段内OC浓度的15.7%~79.1%,其中细颗粒物(<3.00μm)和粗颗粒物(>3.00μm)中SOC质量浓度占相应粒径段中OC的41.4%和43.5%.OC,EC和SOC的粒径分布显现出明显的时间依存性.OC和EC的相关性分析表明,上海嘉定区大气颗粒物的污染源主要以轻型汽油车尾气为主
语种：
中文
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上海市郊区大气细颗粒和超细颗粒物中元素粒径分布研究
作者：
林俊;刘卫;李燕;包良满;李玉兰;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2009年30(4):982-987 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[林俊; 刘卫; 李燕; 包良满; 李玉兰] 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所;[许忠扬] 南华大学核科学技术学院;[吴伟伟] 重庆邮电大学;[陈栋梁; 何伟] 中国科学院高能物理研究所
关键词：
细颗粒物;超细颗粒物;粒径分布;质量中值粒径;相关系数;富集因子;同步辐射
摘要：
用同步辐射X荧光光谱分析了上海市郊区大气细颗粒和超细颗粒物(0.028 7～2.40 μm)中元素粒径分布、质量中值粒径、元素相关性和不同粒径颗粒物中的富集因子.Ca、Ti主要分布于粒径＞2 μm的颗粒物中,它们之间的相关系数达0.933,富集因子在0.1～3.2之间,且与粒径无明显关联,主要来自土壤扬尘等自然来源.V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cl、S等元素主要分布在0.1～1.0 μm颗粒物中,质量中值粒径在0.56～0.94 μm之间.V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb显著富集,且富集程度随粒径减小而增大.其中Pb在超细颗粒物(＜0.1 μm)中的富集因子达2 023.7～2 244.2,远大于在细颗粒和PM_2.5中的富集程度.这些元素主要来自燃油、燃煤、冶金和机动车尾气等人为污染.Fe在＞0.2 μm颗粒物中分布较均匀,质量中值粒径1.3 μm.除了局部污染源,远距离传输对该地区大气颗粒物污染有不可忽略的影响.
语种：
中文
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First intercomparison of Tn–Rn discriminative measurements in China
作者：
Qiu, S.* ;Xiao, D.;Liu, L.
期刊：
RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY ,2008年128(1):124-127 ISSN：0144-8420
通讯作者：
Qiu, S.
作者机构：
[Xiao, D.; Liu, L.; Qiu, S.] Nanhua Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, S.] Nanhua Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, 28 Chang Sheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qiu, S.] N;Nanhua Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, 28 Chang Sheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The intercomparison measurements with Tn-Rn discriminative monitor were conducted at the Radon Laboratory of Nanhua University. The intercomparison results indicates that the Tn-Rn discrimination of most monitors (including the solid-state nuclear track detector of participant A and participant B, continuous monitors of RAD7 and RTM2100) keeps well in a wide range of the ratio of Tn to Rn. There are great differences of Tn measurement results among RAD7, RTM2100 and reference instrument. The discussion on the reason of these differences reveals the necessity of improvement on monitor calibration, Tn source make and the necessity of more international intercomparisons.
语种：
英文
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Calibration of a 220 Rn flow-through source
作者：
Qiu, S.*
期刊：
Radiation and Environmental Biophysics ,2006年45(3):215-220 ISSN：0301-634X
通讯作者：
Qiu, S.
作者机构：
[Qiu, S.] Nanhua Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, S.] Nanhua Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, 28 Chang Sheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qiu, S.] N;Nanhua Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, 28 Chang Sheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Charcoal;Accurate Calibration;Alpha Emission;Standard Canister;Scintillation Cell
摘要：
Two reference methods have been established to calibrate the yield of a self-made <sup>220</sup>Rn flow-through source. These reference methods include (a) a small scintillation cell flow-through method and (b) a gamma spectrometry method that takes advantage of an activated charcoal. The methods were validated theoretically and experimentally including intercomparison measurements. It is shown that the source is stable with a relative deviation less than 2.5% over 5 years, when the relative humidity ranged from 50 to 90%, and the temperature from 5 to 38°C. The <sup>220</sup>Rn monitor used in these reference methods is calibrated without a <sup>220</sup>Rn gas source with determinate yield. On the basis of the calibration of the <sup>220</sup>Rn source by the methods mentioned above, the accurate calibration of any <sup>220</sup>Rn monitor by the self-made <sup>220</sup>Rn source with stable yield is feasible. ©Springer-Verlag 2006.
语种：
英文
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Radiochemical neutron-activation analysis of uncertified ultra-trace rare earth elements in two biological certified reference materials
作者：
Cao, L* ;Tian, W;Ni, B;Wang, P;Zhang, Y
期刊：
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ,2002年372(2):397-400 ISSN：1618-2642
通讯作者：
Cao, L
作者机构：
[Cao, L] Nanhua Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cao, L] N;Nanhua Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Human hair;Rare earth elements;RNAA;Ultra-trace analysis;Wheat powder
摘要：
Radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) has been used for the determination of eight rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, and Lu) in two Chinese certified reference materials (CRM), GBW 08503 (wheat powder) and GBW 09101 (human hair). These determinations are important for possible certification of the above mentioned ultra-trace elements, so far not certified. A simple one-step (REE)F<inf>3</inf> precipitation was used. Chemical yields were determined for all relevant elements by means of tracer experiments. The two CRM were also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to compare the merits and drawbacks of these two major trace analytical techniques for these particular elements. RNAA was proven to be a reliable technique for ultra-trace analysis, especially in the certification of some ultra-trace elements. ©Springer-Verlag 2001.
语种：
英文
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