作者： Feng, Ping;Zhou, Xiao-Hua;Zou, Qing-Ming;Fan, Ming-Yu;Li, Xiao-Song*

期刊： Statistics in Medicine,2012年31(7):681-697 ISSN：0277-6715

通讯作者： Li, Xiao-Song

作者机构： [Feng, Ping] Sichuan Univ, W China Hosp, Inst Clin Trials, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Xiao-Song] Sichuan Univ, W China Sch Publ Hlth, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Xiao-Hua] Harbin Med Coll, Harbin, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Xiao-Hua] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;[Zhou, Xiao-Hua] Peking Univ, Beijing Int Ctr Math Res, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Li, Xiao-Song] S;Sichuan Univ, W China Sch Publ Hlth, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.

关键词： causal inference;generalized propensity score;treatment effect;Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM);multiple treatment components

摘要： <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The propensity score method is widely used in clinical studies to estimate the effect of a treatment with two levels on patient's outcomes. However, due to the complexity of many diseases, an effective treatment often involves multiple components. For example, in the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), an effective treatment may include multiple components, e.g. Chinese herbs, acupuncture, and massage therapy. In clinical trials involving TCM, patients could be randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group, but they or their doctors may make different choices about which treatment component to use. As a result, treatment components are not randomly assigned. Rosenbaum and Rubin proposed the propensity score method for binary treatments, and Imbens extended their work to multiple treatments. These authors defined the generalized propensity score as the conditional probability of receiving a particular level of the treatment given the pre‐treatment variables. In the present work, we adopted this approach and developed a statistical methodology based on the generalized propensity score in order to estimate treatment effects in the case of multiple treatments. Two methods were discussed and compared: propensity score regression adjustment and propensity score weighting. We used these methods to assess the relative effectiveness of individual treatments in the multiple‐treatment IMPACT clinical trial. The results reveal that both methods perform well when the sample size is moderate or large. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</jats:p>

语种： 英文

作者： Zhou, Yong*;Mu, HaiYing;Jiang, Jianjun;Zhang, Li

期刊： WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION,2012年41(SUPPL-1):714-721 ISSN：1051-9815

通讯作者： Zhou, Yong

作者机构： [Mu, HaiYing; Zhou, Yong] Civil Aviat Flight Univ China, Flight Technol Coll, Guanghan 618307, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Li] Univ S China, Human Factors Inst, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Jianjun] KangDa Vocat Tech Coll, Dept Comp Engn, Guangzhou 511363, Guangdong, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Zhou, Yong] C;Civil Aviat Flight Univ China, Flight Technol Coll, Guanghan 618307, Peoples R China.

关键词： digital main control room;cognitive reliability;human factors issues;human errors;bayesian network

摘要： Currently, there is a trend in nuclear power plants (NPPs) toward introducing digital and computer technologies into main control rooms (MCRs). Safe generation of electric power in NPPs requires reliable performance of cognitive tasks such as fault detection, diagnosis, and response planning. The digitalization of MCRs has dramatically changed the whole operating environment, and the ways operators interact with the plant systems. If the design and implementation of the digital technology is incompatible with operators' cognitive characteristics, it may have negative effects on operators' cognitive reliability. Firstly, on the basis of three essential prerequisites for successful cognitive tasks, a causal model is constructed to reveal the typical human performance issues arising from digitalization. The cognitive mechanisms which they impact cognitive reliability are analyzed in detail. Then, Bayesian inference is used to quantify and prioritize the influences of these factors. It suggests that interface management and unbalanced workload distribution have more significant impacts on operators' cognitive reliability.

语种： 英文

作者： Huang, Tsan-Wen;Hsieh, Pang-Hsin;Huang, Kuo-Chung;Huang, Kuo-Chin*

期刊： CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH,2009年467(8):2142-2148 ISSN：0009-921X

通讯作者： Huang, Kuo-Chin

作者机构： [Huang, Tsan-Wen; Huang, Kuo-Chung] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.;[Hsieh, Pang-Hsin] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Tao Yuan, Taiwan.;[Hsieh, Pang-Hsin] Chang Gung Univ, Coll Med, Grad Inst Clin Med Sci, Tao Yuan, Taiwan.;Nanhua Univ, Dept Business Adm Biostat, Chiayi, Taiwan.;[Huang, Kuo-Chin] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 6 W Sec,Chia Pu Rd, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.

通讯机构： [Huang, Kuo-Chin] C;Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 6 W Sec,Chia Pu Rd, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.

关键词： Tendon Graft;Coracoid Process;Freeze Shoulder;Clavicular Fracture;Functional Outcome Measure

摘要： Surgical reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligament is a fundamental part of management of high-grade acromioclavicular dislocations and Type II lateral third clavicular fractures. However, no single surgical procedure is fully satisfactory because of failure or complications. We present an alternative coracoclavicular stabilization technique, which avoids the use of hardware or tendon graft, that was used in 10 consecutive patients with complete coracoclavicular ligament disruptions. These patients were followed for a minimum of 14 months (average, 34.8 months; range, 14-55 months). At the final followup, functional outcome measurement instruments (University of California-Los Angeles shoulder rating system and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index) and radiographic analysis were adopted as the main outcome measures of shoulder function. The mean University of California-Los Angeles shoulder rating score and the mean Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index aggregation score at 12 months after surgery were 33.8 (95% confidence interval, 32.8-34.8) and 93.4 (95% confidence interval, 88.2-98.6), respectively. The radiographic analysis revealed all patients had maintained reduction on radiographs at the final followup. These preliminary results suggest that this simple technique can achieve stable coracoclavicular reconstruction and facilitate healing of the repaired ligaments or fractures. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. © 2009 The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons.

语种： 英文