Wireless sensor networks have the characteristics of large scale, self-organization, reliability, data-centricity, integration, etc., and are widely used in military, medical, mine monitoring, safety production and other fields. However, the existing non-ranging positioning algorithms for wireless sensor networks suffer from large positioning errors. Aiming at this problem, a DV-Hop (distance vector-hop) localization algorithm based on the global artificial fish swarm algorithm optimization was proposed, namely DEWF-D localization algorithm. In...