In recent years, the global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing year by year, and heavy metals that are widely distributed in the environment are nephrotoxic, leading to possible kidney damage and affecting human health. Therefore, this study used laboratory heavy metal data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to select the main heavy metals that affect the kidney by fusing SHAP values and XGBoost algorithm of heavy metal selection method. Later, we combined Odds Ratio (OR) of heavy meta...
