In this Review, we searched for the terms “dementia”, “Alzheimer's disease”, “vascular dementia”, “mild cognitive impairment”, “epidemiology”, “prevalence”, “incidence”, “burden”, “diagnosis”, “dementia care”, “treatment”, “medication”, “Chinese traditional medicine” or “Chinese medicine”, “prevention”, “clinical trial”, “China”, and “Chinese” in the PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang databases for literature published between Jan 1, 2008, and May 31, 2019, except for some key references that were published before this period. We only considered literature published in English and Chinese. We acquired more than 700 studies in total, and the search included original articles, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, as well as annual reports and websites of the National Bureau of Statistics of China and the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. We selected publications by the following criteria: including Chinese patients, internationally accepted diagnostic criteria of dementia, and more than 1000 patients for studies (except clinical trials), and meta-analyses or systematic reviews with more than 20 studies. For clinical trials, we searched for studies that enrolled at least 150 patients in China on the website ClinicalTrials.gov and extracted the details of these trials (eg, drug, NCT number, phase, study design, population, and diagnostic criteria). The final reference list was generated in terms of the relevance to these topics, in addition to the aforementioned inclusion criteria. Contributors JJ, LJ, and SG conceived and designed the Review. MQ, YF, TZ, YL, and QQi searched and selected publications and extracted the data. JJ, LJ, MQ, YF, TZ, CW, YT, FW, and QQi participated in writing the first draft of the manuscript. JJ, SG, LJ, MQ, YF, TZ, YL, and QQi interpreted the data. FW, QQu, SS, Y-JW, YD, JiZ, JuZ, BL, and CZ oversaw data quality control. JJ, LJ, MQ, YF, TZ, YL, QQi, JuZ, CW, YT, CZ, FW, YQ, SS, Y-JW, YD, JiZ, BL, and QQu revised the first manuscript. LJ, MQ, YF, and TZ contributed to the creation of figures. LJ and MQ generated tables. JJ, SG, LJ, MQ, YF, TZ, and YL contributed to the writing of the revised and final version of the manuscript. All authors in this project have read the manuscript and approved the final draft. Other members of the Group for the project of Dementia Situation in China (GPDSC) China Aihong Zhou, Xiumei Zuo, Changbiao Chu, Yueyi Yu, Hong Chang, Dan Li, Dongmei Guo, Yi Xing, Xiaobo Huang, Qiongqiong Qiu, Hui Xu, Xin Yan, Shuoqi Chen, Jianwei Yang (Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing); Jihui Lyu (Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing); Zhirong Jia (Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing); Yonghua Huang (Department of Neurology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing); Jianjun Jia (Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing); Dantao Peng (Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing); Yong Ji (Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing); Qihao Guo (Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai); Yunpeng Cao (Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang); Li Sun (Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun); Yang Li (Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan); Peiyuan Lyu (Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang); Baozhi Gang (Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin); Nan Zhang (Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin); Lan Tan (Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao); Huidong Tang (Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai); Honglei Li (Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou); Zhengluan Liao (Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou); Jun Liu (Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou); Yang Lü (Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing); Jiangtao Xu (Department of Neurology, Xinjiang General Hospital of PLA, Ürümqi); Kunnan Zhang (Institution of Neurology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang); Xiangqun Shi (Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou); Xuelian Ji (Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot); Xiaofeng Li (Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing); Yanjun Guo (Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing); Jianzhong Bi (Department of Neural Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan); Vincent CT Mok (Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region); Minchen Kan (Department of Neurology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan); Fang Li (Department of Geriatric, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing); Weidong Zhou (Department of Neurology, China Meitan General Hospital, Beijing); Lan Chu (Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang); Shanshan Yang (Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing); Henyun Yang (Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming); Yong You (Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Guangzhou). Declaration of interests JJ received grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the Key Project (81530036), the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project (31627803), Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals for Mission Program (SML20150801), Beijing Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau for the Beijing Scholars Program, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission for the Beijing Brain Initiative (Z161100000216137), National Natural Science Foundation of China and Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the CHINA-CANADA Joint Initiative on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (81261120571), Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (PXM2018_026283_000002), and Project for Outstanding Doctor with Combined Ability of Western and Chinese Medicine; reported involvement in clinical trials (donepezil hydrochloride, SaiLuoTong, AD-35, butylphthalide soft capsule, lanabecestat, and CNP520) sponsored by Eisai, Shineway, Zhejiang Hisun, CSPC-NBP, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, and Novartis pharmaceutical companies; received personal lecture and consulting fees from Eisai, Shineway, Zhejiang Hisun, CSPC-NBP, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Novartis, and Lundbeck pharmaceutical companies. CW was involved in clinical trials (donepezil hydrochloride, SaiLuoTong, and DL-3-n-butylphthalide) sponsored by Eisai, Shineway, and CSPC-NBP pharmaceutical companies; received personal lecture fees from Eisai, Shineway, CSPC-NBP, Lundbeck, and Novartis pharmaceutical companies. YT participated in clinical trials (donepezil hydrochloride and SaiLuoTong) sponsored by Eisai and Shineway pharmaceutical companies; and received personal lecture fees from Eisai, Shineway, Lundbeck, and Novartis pharmaceutical companies. FW participated in the SaiLuoTong clinical trial sponsored by Shineway pharmaceutical company; and received personal lecture fees from Shineway, Eisai, Lundbeck, and Novartis pharmaceutical companies. LJ was involved in clinical trials (donepezil hydrochloride and SaiLuoTong) sponsored by Eisai and Shineway pharmaceutical companies; and received personal lecture fees from Eisai and Shineway pharmaceutical companies. JuZ participated in the DL-3-n-butylphthalide clinical trial sponsored by CSPC-NBP pharmaceutical company; and received personal lecture fees from CSPC-NBP, Eisa, Lundbeck, and Novartis pharmaceutical companies. Y-JW, BL, and QQu received personal lecture fees from Eisai, Lundbeck, and Novartis pharmaceutical companies. JiZ and YD received lecture fees from Eisai and Lundbeck pharmaceutical companies. SG is a member of scientific advisory committee of TauRx, editorial board of Lundbeck institute, and the Data and Safety Monitoring Board of Eisai; reported involvement in the SaiLuoTong clinical trial sponsored by Shineway pharmaceutical company; and received personal fees from TauRx, Lundbeck Institute, and Eisai, and reported grants from Lilly and Roche pharmaceutical companies. MAll other authors declared no competing interests. Acknowledgments We thank other participants who were not members of the GPDSC contributing to this work. We thank Min Zhu and Chaojun Kong for their help searching the literature, generating the tables, and organising the references. Particularly, we would like to thank Yan Wang for their interpretation of epidemiological data and revision of the I ncidence section in this Review.
