In order to verify whether the U(VI) in groundwater under anoxic conditions can be bioreduced, microcosms were prepared with the uranium contaminated groundwater and sediment, amended with ethanol, lactate and glucose, and incubated under anoxic conditions. After 121 days of incubation, uranium L3-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra analysis indicated that more than 40 % of the U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) in the amended microcosms, and the initial U(VI) which was bound to C- and P-containing ligands was no longer bound to C-containing l...