Schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis, a chronic immune disease, is caused by the deposition of Schistosoma eggs in the liver. Once schistosomiasis develops, it is often neglected because of the non-specificity of the initial symptoms of infection. Thus, schistosomiasis readily leads to hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, granulomas, portal hypertension, and liver fibrosis. At present, praziquantel is the main drug used to kill mature parasites in clinical settings, but effective strategies to prevent granulomas and liver fibrosis are still lacking. Several studies have found that macrophage polarization ...
