BACKGROUND: Good adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is critical for effective HIV prevention. Despite the growing awareness of PrEP, many individuals remain at a preliminary understanding stage and struggle to achieve sustained adherence. mHealth (mobile Health) technology is emerging as one of the promising tools in the HIV prevention cascade. While research on mHealth applications for HIV prevention is rapidly advancing, their effectiveness in promoting robust PrEP adherence and optimizing cascade outcomes remains inconclusive, with...