A versatile triple cascade amplification strategy was developed for ultrasensitive simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). The triple cascade amplification strategy consisted of an enhanced RecJ(f) exonuclease-assisted target recycling amplification module, a hybridization chain reaction amplification module, and a signal amplification module based on DNA-templated multiple metal nanoclusters. In the enhanced RecJ(f) exonuclease-assisted target recycling amplification module, the DNA bases at the 5 & PR...