Under the active translation mode, a series of laboratory model tests on the active earth pressure against rigid retaining walls with different wall roughnesses and water contents of backfill are carried out, in which the matric suction and earth pressure are monitored by embedding the piezometer and earth pressure cell, respectively, and the position of the failure surface is obtained by using the DIC technique, and the effects of the matric suction and interface roughness on the earth pressure and the shape of the failure surface are discusse...
