Cloud storage is widely used for flexible and efficient data management, yet redundant data across users requires storage optimization. Deduplication helps by storing only unique data, making data sharing and ownership verification essential post-deduplication. Current Proof of Ownership (PoW) methods rely on interactive communication, leading to delays and performance issues during intensive data operations, and often assume a level of trust that may not hold in practical scenarios. To overcome these issues, we propose ES-PoW, a non-interactiv...
