Among the factors affecting rock mass failure, the stress state has the greatest influence on the mechanical behavior of rock. The mechanical behavior of rock depends on the change of stress path, and the stress of rock mass is closely related to deformation and failure. In order to study the influence of surrounding rock stress state on the failure mode of surrounding rock, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and fracture mechanics, this paper analyzed the stress state of surrounding rock element and crack propagation of surrounding rock, and estimated the potential failure mode of surro...