To construct heterostructures with robustly interconnected interfaces, this study employs a co-doping strategy exceeding the stoichiometric ratio. The doping strategy in Pr 0.5 Ba 0.5 Co 0.7 Fe 0.3 Ce x O 3-δ (PBCF) facilitates the exsolution of Ce at the B-site, leading to the formation of a CeO 2 -modified surface layer on PBCF. Structural and morphological analyses confirm the dissolution of CeO 2 particles, with their concentration increasing proportionally to the Ce doping level. Notably, the single cell utilizing the Pr 0.5 Ba 0.5 Co 0.7...
