Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with systemic chronic inflammation induced by gut microbes imbalance. Although it was revealed that Berberine (BBR) can decrease fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in T2DM patients, it is rarely absorbed in gastrointestinal tract so that the hypoglycemic mechanism is unclear. Methods: We established mouse models of T2DM and treatment the animals with BBR. Meanwhile, the levels of FPG and fasting insulin (FIns), changes of intestinal microbes, mRNA levels of TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, patho...
