A high-performance Fe–N co-doped carbon-based catalyst was prepared to activate PMS by a one-step pyrolysis using ferbam, melamine and sucrose. The best catalyst Fe–N/C exhibited high catalytic activity against PMS at an ultra-low catalyst dosage (50 mg L −1 ), and the TC decomposition rate reached 92.3% within 30 min. The results demonstrated that graphite N, pyridine N, Fe 0 and Fe 3 C were the main active substances for catalyzing PMS. Free radical quenching analysis and EPR experiments further proved that the O 2 ˙ − served as the main...