Implantable cardiac electrophysiologic devices-related infections are often a serious complication caused by device use, in some cases, is life threatening. It is a tough problem in clinical practice because of the lack of prospective, randomized trial data to support diagnosis and treatment. This review describes the clinical manifestations, microbiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management and prevention of permanent pacemaker （PPM） and implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） -related infections based on the findings of large scale r...
