Conceptualization, S.Z. and L.Z.; methodology, L.Z.; software, S.Z.; validation, Z.S., Y.H. and L.Z.; formal analysis, L.Z.; investigation, Y.H.; resources, Z.S.; data curation, Z.S.; writing—original draft preparation, Z.S.; writing—review and editing, Q.R. and Z.Z.; visualization, S.Z.; supervision, Y.H.; project administration, Y.H.; funding acquisition, Y.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant no 2020JJ5494, 2023JJ40546), the research project of the Education Department of Hunan Province (Grant no 21A0264), and the State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines (2021-JSKSSYS-08).