The microbial characteristics and bacterial communities of sediment sludge upon different concentrations of exposure to uranium were investigated by high solution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-throughput sequencing. After exposure to initial uranium concentrations of 10-50 mu M for 24 h in synthetic wastewater, the removal efficiencies of uranium reached 80.7%-96.5%. The spherical and short rod bacteria were dominant in the sludge exposed to uranium. HRTEM-EDS and XPS analyses indicated that...