With the widespread adoption of cloud storage, effectively identifying and eliminating redundant data among users while ensuring data security has become a significant challenge. However, traditional similarity detection methods has limitations in privacy protection. Although conventional encryption techniques can safeguard privacy, they have difficulty detecting redundancy between similar blocks. Thus, we propose a secure reduction of redundant and similar data for cloud storage to address these challenges based on zero-knowledge proof (Sec-Reduce), called Sec-Reduce. It first employs a novel...