The inelastic responses of thermoplastic polyurethane/attapulgite (AT) elastomeric composites were studied by an elastic-testing machine combining with an infrared camera during loading–unloading cycles, in which the former detected the mechanical properties while the latter reflected the thermal effects of deformation. For both unfilled and filled polyurethanes, some significant inelastic features were noticed that in the first cycle hysteresis and most stress softening occurred, and the corresponding temperature variation was partly reversib...