Aim Previous studies performed in vitro indicated that XBP-01, a polypeptide which was refined from Chinese cobra venom (Naja naja atra), could inhibited the cultured vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. To observe the eliminating atherosclerotic plaques effect of XBP-01 in vivo. Methods After fed with the atherogenic diets for 17 weeks, the atherosclerotic sensitive inbred strain C57BL/6J mice have typical atherosclerotic plaques formed near the aorta sinus, accompanied with the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride significant rise. ...