Solving the optimal control problem with a free final time, such as suborbital launch vehicle (SLV) trajectory optimization with two control variables and multi-constraints ones based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), the smoothness of control variable can not be satisfied by linear interpolation method. A novel method including some improving strategies based on PSO for trajectory optimization is proposed, named LCPSO which is a kind of Cooperate PSO based on Legendre orthogonal polynomials. An additional control variable is introduced and transcribes the original optimal problem to a pro...
