The main aim of this work was to evaluate the simultaneous removal of Se(VI) and Cd(II) by anaerobic granular sludge in batch tests. The anaerobic sludge completely removed 10 mg/L Se(VI) and 20 mM (1800 mg/L) lactate within 1.5 d of batch incubation. After 7 d of incubation, 90.7% and 87.7% of 5 mg/L Cd(II) were removed by the sludge in, respectively, the absence or presence of Se(VI). Compared to experiments with autoclaved biomass, Se(VI) and total Se removal 98% and 70 was mainly due to bioreduction instead of adsorption onto anaerobic granular sludge. The increase in the protein and polys...