The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42002275), the National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province (Grant No. LQ21D020001), the Hubei Key Laboratory of Roadway Bridge and Structure Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology) (No. DQJJ202104), and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Mountain Geological Hazards of Zhejiang Province (No. PCMGH-2021–03).