摘要：
RATIONALE: Retroperitoneal hematomas are relatively common in patients undergoing nephrectomy. Herein, we report an unusual case involving a giant retroperitoneal hematoma and subsequent duodenal ulcerative bleeding following a radical nephrectomy. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for lower back pain, and she had severe right hydronephrosis and a urinary tract infection. DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed and confirmed as high-grade urothelial carcinoma. INTERVENTIONS: After ineffective conservative treatments, a right radical nephrectomy and ureteral stump resection were performed. The patient received proton pump inhibitors to prevent stress ulcer formation and bleeding. On the first day post-surgery, she had normal gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy findings. On the second day post-surgery, abdominal computed tomography revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma. Notably, 14 days post-surgery, massive GI bleeding occurred, and GI endoscopy identified an almost perforated ulcer in the bulbar and descending duodenum. OUTCOMES: The patient died on day 15 after surgery. LESSONS: Duodenal ulceration and bleeding might occur following a retroperitoneal hematoma in patients treated with nephrectomy. Timely intervention may prevent duodenal ulcers and complications, and thus could be a promising life-saving intercession.
作者机构：
[Liu, Yiqi] Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China;[Zhang, Hu] The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Urology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China;[Fang, Yuan] Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China;[Tang, Dongshan] School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China. Electronic address: 445430009@qq.com;[Luo, Zhigang] The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China. Electronic address: 1985020001@usc.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Dongshan Tang] S;[Zhigang Luo] T;School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China<&wdkj&>The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
摘要：
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a malignant tumor of the urinary system. Individuals with early-stage RCC could be cured by surgical treatment, but a considerable number of cases of advanced RCC progress to drug resistance. Recently, numerous reports have demonstrated that a variety of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to tumor occurrence and development. ncRNAs can act as oncogenic or tumor suppressor genes to regulate proliferation, migration, drug resistance and other processes in RCC cells through a variety of signaling pathways. Considering the lack of treatment options for advanced RCC after drug resistance, ncRNAs may be a good choice as biomarkers of drug resistance in RCC and targets to overcome drug resistance. In this review, we discussed the effects of ncRNAs on drug resistance in RCC and the great potential of ncRNAs as a biomarker of or a new therapeutic method in RCC.
摘要：
Background: As one of the causes of urethral symptoms, female chronic posterior urethritis is a common and distressing disease; however, it is often neglected and misdiagnosed as overactive bladder (OAB) or interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Currently, little is known about the urothelium and lamina propria of the bladder neck and proximal urethra. Thus, identifying urethral lesions is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of female chronic posterior urethritis. Transurethral electroresection is an effective and safe approach for treating female chronic posterior urethritis. This study sought to determine if urethral lesions are necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of female chronic posterior urethritis, and evaluate the efficacy and safety of the transurethral electroresection of mucosa and submucosa in treating female chronic posterior urethritis. Methods: A single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted at a teaching and referral hospital. A total of 147 female patients who had been diagnosed with chronic papillary urethritis underwent transurethral electroresection between 2015 and 2018. Each patient underwent a follow-up examination. A chart review was also performed. Results: Patients had a mean age of 54 years (range, 23-82 years), and the average follow-up period was 54.8 months (range, 6-600 months). Urinary frequency and urgency (51.7%) were the most common clinical manifestations of chronic posterior urethritis. Forty-two-point two percent of patients had positive urine culture results, most commonly with Mycoplasma genitalium. The cystoscopic findings revealed that chronic posterior urethritis has tuft-like, pseudopodia-like, finger-like, and follicular-like polyps and villi, and a pebble-like appearance with mucosal hyperemia. The success rate of the transurethral electroresection was 88.6%, and patients showed no apparent or serious complications. Conclusions: This study showed that female chronic posterior urethritis is a cause that contributes to LUT symptoms. Its characteristic cystoscopic appearance and biopsy play a vital role in its diagnosis. The transurethral electroresection of urethral lesions is simple, effective, and minimally invasive without any apparent complications.
通讯机构：
[Luo, Zhigang] U;Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Urol, 35 Jiefang Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Annexin A2;epithelial-mesenchymal transition;invasion;metastasis;microRNA;prostate cancer
摘要：
The present study investigated the molecular mechanism by which microRNA-206 (miR-206) targets Annexin A2 (ANXA2) expression and inhibits the invasion and metastasis of prostatic cancer cells through regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using bioinformatics analysis, miR-206 was identified as the most promising candidate miRNA that targeted ANXA2. Prostate tissue specimens from 60 patients with prostate cancer, 30 patients with metastatic prostate cancer and 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were examined for ANXA2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and western blotting and for miR-206 expression by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were transfected with miR-206 mimics, miR-206 inhibitors or a negative control sequence, and expression of ANXA2, E-cadherin and N-cadherin was detected by western blotting. Transwell assays were performed to determine the effect of altered miR-206 expression on the invasive behavior of PC-3 cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted complementary binding between miR-206 and ANXA2 mRNA. ANXA2 protein expression was detected in a significantly higher proportion of BPH tissues (95%, 19/20) when compared with prostate cancer tissues (51.7%, 31/60; P<0.05). Similarly, ANXA2 was expressed in a significantly higher proportion of metastatic prostate cancer samples than that of prostate cancer samples (P<0.05). Expression of miR-206 was higher than that of ANXA2 in prostate cancer samples, but lower in BPH samples. Inhibition of miR-206 expression in PC-3 cells upregulated ANXA2 and E-cadherin protein expression levels, downregulated N-cadherin and vimentin, and promoted cell invasion in vitro. These data suggested that binding between miRNA-206 and ANXA2 mRNA may regulate EMT signaling, thereby suppressing the invasion and metastasis of prostatic cancer cells.
