摘要：
Microglia-associated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Microglial activation and polarization, and the inflammatory response mediated by these cells play important roles in the development, progression and outcome of brain injury after ischemic stroke. Currently, there is no effective strategy for treating ischemic stroke in clinical practice. Therefore, it is clinically important to study the role and regulation of microglia in stroke. In this review, we discuss the involvement of microglia in the neuroinflammatory process in ischemic stroke, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the relationship between ischemic stroke and microglia.
作者机构：
[Nie, Jianhui; Qin, Haiyang; Wang, Meng; Liu, Junkai; Huang, Weijin; Liang, Haoyu; Li, Tao; Li, Qianqian; Li, Xiaoyu; Wu, Jiajing; Zhang, Mengyi; Liu, Shuo; Nie, Lingling; Wang, Youchun; Liu, Huan; Zhang, Li; Zhao, Chenyan; Zhang, Yue; Wang, Haixin; Ding, Ruxia; Lu, Qiong] Natl Inst Food & Drug Control NIFDC, Inst Biol Prod Control, Div HIV AIDS & Sex Transmitted Virus Vaccines, 31 Huatuo St, Beijing 102629, Peoples R China.;[Nie, Jianhui; Qin, Haiyang; Wang, Meng; Liu, Junkai; Huang, Weijin; Liang, Haoyu; Li, Tao; Li, Qianqian; Li, Xiaoyu; Wu, Jiajing; Zhang, Mengyi; Liu, Shuo; Nie, Lingling; Wang, Youchun; Liu, Huan; Zhang, Li; Zhao, Chenyan; Zhang, Yue; Wang, Haixin; Ding, Ruxia; Lu, Qiong] WHO, Collaborating Ctr Standardizat & Evaluat Biol, 31 Huatuo St, Beijing 102629, Peoples R China.;[Shi, Yi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, CAS Key Lab Pathogen Microbiol & Immunol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Shen, Yuelei] Beijing Biocytogen Co Ltd, Beijing 101111, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Liangzhi] Sino Biol Inc, BDA, Beijing Antibody Res Key Lab, Bldg 9,Jing Dong Bei Technol Pk, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qu, X.] T;[Xu, W.] N;[Huang, W.; Wang, Y.] D;National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China;Translational Medicine Institute, China
摘要：
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous endocrine disease characterized by clinical or laboratorial hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, excessive weight or obesity, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The most significant clinical manifestation of PCOS is hyperandrogenism. Excess androgen profoundly affects granulosa cell function and follicular development via complex mechanisms that lead to obesity and insulin resistance. Most PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism have steroid secretion defects that result in abnormal folliculogenesis and failed dominant follicle selection. Hyperandrogenism induces obesity, hairy, acne, and androgenetic alopecia. These symptoms can bring great psychological stress to women. Drugs such as combined oral contraceptive pills, metformin, pioglitazone and low-dose spironolactone help improve pregnancy rates by decreasing androgen levels in vivo. Notably, PCOS is heterogeneous, and hyperandrogenism is not the only pathogenic factor. Obesity and insulin resistance aggravate the symptoms of hyperandrogenism, forming a vicious cycle that promotes PCOS development. Although numerous studies have been conducted, the definitive pathogenic mechanisms of PCOS remain uncertain. This review summarizes and discusses previous and recent findings regarding the relationship between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity and PCOS.
期刊：
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2020年55(5):105951 ISSN：0924-8579
通讯作者：
Tang, Chao-Ke;Tang, Shi-Lin
作者机构：
[Tang, Chao-Ke; Liu, Shang-Ming; Li, Heng; Tang, Shi-Lin] Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Hengyang Med Coll,Dept Intens Care Unit,Hunan Pro, Med Res Expt Ctr,Inst Cardiovasc Dis,Key Lab Arte, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Xiao-Hua] Hainan Med Univ, Inst Clin Med, Affiliated Hosp 2, Haikou 460106, Hainan, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Chao-Ke] Univ South China, Inst Cardiovasc Dis, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Shi-Lin] Univ South China, Dept Intens Care Unit, Affiliated Hosp 1, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tang, Chao-Ke; Tang, Shi-Lin] U;Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Hengyang Med Coll,Dept Intens Care Unit,Hunan Pro, Med Res Expt Ctr,Inst Cardiovasc Dis,Key Lab Arte, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Inst Cardiovasc Dis, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ South China, Dept Intens Care Unit, Affiliated Hosp 1, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China, and has spread quickly to 72 countries to date. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [previously provisionally known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)]. At present, the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 has caused a large number of deaths with tens of thousands of confirmed cases worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. However, there are no clinically approved vaccines or specific therapeutic drugs available for COVID-19. Intensive research on the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiological characteristics and to identify potential drug targets, which will contribute to the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Hence, this review will focus on recent progress regarding the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the characteristics of COVID-19, such as the aetiology, pathogenesis and epidemiological characteristics. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Tang, Chao-Ke] U;Univ South China, Inst Cardiovasc Dis, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cholesterol transport system;Atherosclerosis;High-density lipoprotein
摘要：
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease (CVD), is closely associated with cholesterol accumulation in the arterial intima. Excessive cholesterol is removed by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, representing a major antiatherogenic mechanism. In addition to the RCT, other pathways are required for maintaining the whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, we propose a working model of integrated cholesterol transport, termed the cholesterol transport system (CTS), to describe body cholesterol metabolism. The novel model not only involves the classical view of RCT but also contains other steps, such as cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, low-density lipoprotein uptake by the liver, and transintestinal cholesterol excretion. Extensive studies have shown that dysfunctional CTS is one of the major causes for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, several drugs are available to improve the CTS efficiently. There are also several therapeutic approaches that have entered into clinical trials and shown considerable promise for decreasing the risk of CVD. In recent years, a variety of novel findings reveal the molecular mechanisms for the CTS and its role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby providing novel insights into the understanding of whole-body cholesterol transport and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the CTS in CVD patients.
